THE RALLYING version of Citroens DS3 has scored its debut victory on its debut event in Northern Ireland last week. The DS3 R3 claimed group R and front-wheeldrive victory at the Ulster Rally coming home in fifth place overall on the tarmac event.. Frdric Bertrand, in charge of the customer competition department at Citron Racing, said: “This great debut result has underlined our belief in the ample capabilities of the DS3 R3. “The car has been reliable and weve not encountered any problems at all throughout the rally.
THE SOLE survivor of the horror smash that killed four teenagers was recovering in hospital last night. Darragh Jones, 16, from Farranfore was rushed to hospital after the car he was in crashed on a bend at Carrigeen, Co Kerry, hitting a tree and going over a ditch into a field on Wednesday. He was taken to Kerry General Hospital where he is in a stable condition. A hospital spokeswoman said: “Darragh is quite comfortable at the moment. “He is in a stable condition.” His family have been keeping a bedside vigil at his hospital bed since the accident that killed four of his pals.
THE LAST time Alfa Romeo built a car this small it was back in the seventies and eighties. There was lots to dislike about the Alfasud; joke-shop electrics, approximate-build quality and a propensity to rust so quickly that you could almost hear it corrode as you drove along. The thing is though, that while the Sud might have been small, cheap and a bit rubbish, it looked like a million dollars and drove like nothing else with its sweet handling and feisty engines. The MiTo has a lot to live up to. Here we have the range topper; the 170hp Cloverleaf Multiair. The Multiair bit is a new type of system which allows the engine management computer to better regulate the cam and the intake valve. In short this means lower emissions and fuel consumption yet better torque and more power. Multiair is also available in 135hp tune but the full 170hp only comes with Cloverleaf trim and a EUR23,995 price tag. The first bit of good news is that Alfasud quality is a thing of the past. The MiTo felt well put together and nicely finished.
September 7, 2010
Parallel Importer
Funeral Programs
Janet Summerill Johnson 1948 ~ 2010
Leah Morrison Bodily 1916 ~ 2010
This article discusses typical sampling procedures used in most Statistics of Income (SOI) programs. Aspects covered briefly include sampling criteria, selection techniques, methods of estimation, and sampling variability. Some of the nonsampling error limitations of the data are also described, as well as the tabular conventions employed. Additional information on sample design and data limitations for specific SOI studies can be found in the separate SOI reports. More technical information is available, on request, by writing to the Director, Statistics of Income Division RAS:S, Internal Revenue Service, P.O. Box 2608, Washington, DC 20013-2608. Statistics compiled for the SOI studies are generally based on stratified probability samples of income tax returns or other forms filed with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The statistics do not reflect any changes made by the taxpayer through an amended return or by the IRS as a result of an audit. As returns are filed and processed for tax purposes, they are assigned to sampling classes (strata) based on such criteria as: industry, presence or absence of a tax form or schedule, and various income factors or other measures of economic size (such as total assets, total receipts, size of gift, and size of estate). The samples are selected from each stratum over the appropriate filing periods. Thus, sample selection can continue for a given study for several calendar years–3 for corporations because of the incidence of fiscal (noncalendar) year reporting and extensions of filing time. Because sampling must take place before the population size is known precisely, the rates of sample selection within each stratum are fixed. This means, in practice, that both the population and the sample size can differ from those planned. However, these factors do not compromise the validity of the estimates. The probability of a returns selection depends on its sample class or stratum and may range from a fraction of 1 percent to 100 percent. Considerations in determining the selection probability for each stratum include the number of returns in the stratum, the diversity of returns in the stratum, and interest in the stratum as a separate subject of study. All this is subject to constraints based on the estimated processing costs or the target size of the total sample for the program.
Perth Swimming Pools
Epidemiological studies in the United States (US), Europe, Australia, and Africa have documented standardized incidence ratios (SIR) of AIDS related and non-AIDS related cancers using data from linked Cancer and AIDS registries (4-13). In a population-based registry linkage in New York State, Gallagher et al. (10) reported significant SIR for KS, NHL, invasive cervical cancer, and several non-AIDS related cancers affecting the tongue, mouth, rectum, anus, trachea, bronchus, and lung. In Italy, Dal Maso, Serraino and Franceschi (7) reported a SIR of 302 (95% CI, 253-357) for NHL in AIDS patients. In a linkage of AIDS and cancer registries from 11 US regions, Engels et al. (4) reported important declines in KS and NHL after the introduction of HAART in people with AIDS, no change in cervical cancer, and increased risk of non-AIDS related cancers, particularly Hodgkin lymphoma, anus, liver, and lung cancer. An AIDS-Cancer linkage was also conducted in Africa, where the incidence of all AIDS related cancers and some non-AIDS related cancers (Hodgkin lymphoma, conjunctiva, kidney, thyroid, and uterus) were found to be higher among people with AIDS (9). In a more recent prospective cohort study, Patel et al. (5) also reported a reduction in AIDS related malignancies except for cervical cancer, and a significant increase risk of non-AIDS related malignancies in a cohort of adults living with HIV compared to the general population in the US. The most important types of non-AIDS related malignancies were: anal, vaginal, Hodgkin lymphoma, liver, lung, melanoma, oropharyngeal, leukemia, colorectal and renal. These results suggest that the incidence of non-AIDS related cancers has increased more than the incidence of AIDS related cancers, and that the influence of HAART in the development and prognosis of various cancers is still not clear. Biological, environmental and behavioral risk factors must also be explored to better define the long-term cancer risk in people living with HIV/AIDS (14). Puerto Rico (PR) is one of the top ten US States and territories with the highest cumulative number of AIDS cases, and Puerto Ricans are the second largest group of Hispanics in the US with higher cancer mortality rates (15-16). However, little information is available regarding AIDS related and non-AIDS related malignancies among Hispanics with HIV/ AIDS in the US or PR. In one retrospective cohort study in Southern California, Levine et al. (17) reported that from 1982 to 1998 the prevalence of AIDS-related lymphoma decreased significantly in whites but increased in Hispanics. In another study, Fordyce et al. (18) conducted a population-based AIDS-Cancer linkage analysis of women from New York City diagnosed with AIDS between 1981 and 1994, and reported that 47% of all cancer cases were among African Americans, 36% among Hispanics, and 16% among non-Hispanic whites. Mayor et al. (19) conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 3,576 HIV/AIDS patients attending an outpatient clinic in PR from 1992 to 2005. Of these patients, 171 (4.8%) were diagnosed with cancer at some point in their lives: 51.5% AIDS related and 48.5% non-AIDS related cancers. Because no population-based studies have been conducted in PR, the risk of AIDS related and non-AIDS related cancers in PR compared to the general population is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to estimate the risk of AIDS related and non-AIDS related cancers among Hispanics with AIDS in PR using the Puerto Rico Central Cancer Registry and the Puerto Rico AIDS Surveillance Program Registry. Both are population-based registries that receive support from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We hypothesized that the risk of all AIDS related cancers and the risk of many non-AIDS related cancers will be higher in the AIDS group compared with the general population in PR. The results of this study will provide the basis for future epidemiological studies to characterize the natural history of specific cancers in HIV infection and other important biological, environmental, and behavioral risk factors.
Women in Kenya remain disadvantaged, with opportunities for educational, social, and economic advancement inferior to those of men. Women are underrepresented in modern sector wage employment, political and judicial decision making, and all major public service appointments. Numerous social, economic, and cultural barriers limit womens participation in these areas. But womens underrepresentation in education is a primary factor. The benefits of womens education to women and to society in general are immense. In the workplace, education increases skills needed for job entry, improves chances of vertical mobility, and enhances overall labor market productivity. It also has positive consequences at home, including improved health, increased child survival rates, reduced fertility rates, lower infant mortality rates, and better protection against HIV and AIDS (Tembon and Fort 2008). Education of women and girls is therefore not only a moral and human rights issue, but also an economic and development issue. Given the significant benefits of womens education, equity in education is essential to improving circumstances for all Kenyans. As the leading provider of education, the government should acknowledge that compensatory mechanisms may be required to level the playing field for disadvantaged girls, and it should adopt an approach that uses these mechanisms. Making education equitable means adopting policies and initiatives that support equal provisions across genders. Female Education in Kenya Education in Kenya has four basic levels: preschool (ages 4-6), primary (ages 7-14), secondary (ages 15-18), and tertiary. Since attaining political independence from Great Britain in 1963, the Kenyan government has emphasized educations importance to economic development. It has also increased the number of schools at all levels, from about six thousand primary and 150 secondary schools in 1963 to almost twenty thousand primary and four thousand secondary schools in 2004. As a result, the student population has increased substantially, with over 700 percent growth at the primary level and almost 3,000 percent growth at the secondary level (Ministry of Education 2007). But this total expansion in education hides disparities by gender and region.
Perth Day Tours
Nancy K. Vos (Granny B.)
LEEDS and Millwall lead the race for Bolton starlet Danny Ward on loan – although no decision will be made until after the Bank Holiday. The winger, 18, spent time on loan at Swindon last season and Yorkshire-born Ward could be interested in a spell at Leeds – although they have just signed Cardiffs Ross McCormack.
BRIAN ODriscoll has revealed it took just 15 days before his new bride turned into a rugby widow. The Ireland superstar got hitched in the summer after a gruelling tour to New Zealand and Australia and was looking forward to a four week break from anything to do with rugby. He travelled to the quiet east African state of Tanzania on honeymoon with new wife Amy, but just after two weeks had passed, the Leinster star got itchy feet and I do became I must. “I was saying after the summer tour that I needed a holiday and a break,” said ODriscoll. “At the time I thought how will four weeks be enough?, but after just over two weeks into it, I started missing exercise and was kind of looking forward to it again!
Web Design Mandurah
NEWS HIGHLIGHTS
WLS, a leading provider of cellular platforms to top tier global phone
makers, will operate as a standalone business serving its existing
customers. WLS will also contribute to Intel’s strategy to make
connected computing ubiquitous from smartphones to laptops to embedded
computing.
“The global demand for wireless solutions continues to grow at an
extraordinary rate,” said Paul Otellini, Intel president and CEO. “The
acquisition of Infineon’s WLS business strengthens the second pillar of
our computing strategy — Internet connectivity — and enables us to
offer a portfolio of products that covers the full range of wireless
options from Wi-Fi and 3G to WiMAX and LTE. As more devices compute and
connect to the Internet, we are committed to positioning Intel to take
advantage of the growth potential in every computing segment, from
laptops to handhelds and beyond.”
“The sale of WLS is a strategic decision to enhance Infineon’s value. We
can now fully concentrate our resources towards strong growth in our
core segments Automotive (ATV), Industrial Multimarket (IMM) and Chip
Card Security (CCS). This creates a great perspective for all Infineon
customers, employees and shareholders,” said Peter Bauer, CEO of
Infineon Technologies AG. “We all stand to benefit enormously from this
deal. Thanks to the outstanding effort of the employees and the
management during the last years, WLS is excellently positioned to grow
further with the new owner who is ideally suited for this business.”
This tables only report provides 160 statistical tables for Internet,
broadband and all aspects of the digital economy in Australia.
National Broadband Network: Australia is among the leading countries
whose government is actively investigating the social and economic
benefits that can be achieved through the deployment of a mainly
fibre-based telecoms infrastructure. Services that depend on high
quality broadband infrastructure include tele-health, e-education,
e-business, digital media, e-government, smart meters etc. In countries
where the national telco is lagging behind we see that local governments
have no choice other than to take a leadership role, as they have done
with similar infrastructure over the last 100 years.
The decision from the Australian government to launch a $43 billion
national FttH broadband network is a clear indication that they believe
broadband is essential infrastructure. It fulfils a national purpose as
its trans-sector multiplier effect delivers massive social and economic
benefits in healthcare, education, energy and the environment. A digital
economy requires an open broadband infrastructure, and for that to work
it can only be built by a utility (NBN Co). While there certainly are
questions regarding the business model and the investment plan, there is
widespread support for the visionary plan.
Women in Kenya remain disadvantaged, with opportunities for educational, social, and economic advancement inferior to those of men. Women are underrepresented in modern sector wage employment, political and judicial decision making, and all major public service appointments. Numerous social, economic, and cultural barriers limit womens participation in these areas. But womens underrepresentation in education is a primary factor. The benefits of womens education to women and to society in general are immense. In the workplace, education increases skills needed for job entry, improves chances of vertical mobility, and enhances overall labor market productivity. It also has positive consequences at home, including improved health, increased child survival rates, reduced fertility rates, lower infant mortality rates, and better protection against HIV and AIDS (Tembon and Fort 2008). Education of women and girls is therefore not only a moral and human rights issue, but also an economic and development issue. Given the significant benefits of womens education, equity in education is essential to improving circumstances for all Kenyans. As the leading provider of education, the government should acknowledge that compensatory mechanisms may be required to level the playing field for disadvantaged girls, and it should adopt an approach that uses these mechanisms. Making education equitable means adopting policies and initiatives that support equal provisions across genders. Female Education in Kenya Education in Kenya has four basic levels: preschool (ages 4-6), primary (ages 7-14), secondary (ages 15-18), and tertiary. Since attaining political independence from Great Britain in 1963, the Kenyan government has emphasized educations importance to economic development. It has also increased the number of schools at all levels, from about six thousand primary and 150 secondary schools in 1963 to almost twenty thousand primary and four thousand secondary schools in 2004. As a result, the student population has increased substantially, with over 700 percent growth at the primary level and almost 3,000 percent growth at the secondary level (Ministry of Education 2007). But this total expansion in education hides disparities by gender and region.
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Wolters Kluwer Health, a leading global provider of
information for healthcare professionals and students, announced today that
Susan Driscoll, President CEO, Wolters Kluwer Health, Professional
Education
has been invited to deliver a speech at the 2010 Beijing International
Publishing Forum, organized by the Chinese General Administration of Press
and
Publication, on Sunday, August 29, 2010, in Beijing, China.
The Beijing International Publishing Forum is the most important high level
event that provides a valuable opportunity and a platform for Chinese and
foreign publishers to have a dialogue to exchange experiences and learn
from
each other. Held in conjunction with the2010 Beijing International Book
Fair,
this years theme is “Global Publishing Cooperation and Chinas Market
Opportunities.”
In the area of Science and Education Books Publishing, Ms Driscoll
addressed the
impact of availability and the power technology is having on what
publishers are
offering and the potential in medical publishing. Lippincott Williams and
Wilkins, the medical book imprint of Wolters Kluwer Health, has been
publishing
books for over 200 years, and, in fact, is the oldest book publisher in the
United States. Wolters Kluwer Health publishes both education and reference
books for doctors, nurses, and other health professionals.
Ms. Driscoll spoke about the transformation of Wolters Kluwer Health as a
traditional publisher of books to a future where books are quickly becoming
unbound, providing immediate access to content and integrated into the
learnflow
or workflow of the health student or professional.
On Monday, August 30, Wolters Kluwer officially opened its participation in
the
Beijing International Book Fair at 9:00 am on its stand with the launch of
the
latest, innovative products from Wolters Kluwer China. Throughout the Fair,
Wolters Kluwer will demonstrate the latest productivity solutions, tools,
and
products for professionals in the healthcare, pharmaceutical, tax,
accounting,
legal, and regulatory markets worldwide from brands such asAspen
Publishers,
CCH, Kluwer Law International and Lippincott Williams Wilkins.
During the second half of the last century, the incidence of cancer in PR increased dramatically; however, rates seem to have begun to stabilize in more recent years (8-9). Previous studies in the 1970s and 1980s showed a lower incidence of total cancer in persons residing in PR as compared with the general population in the United States (US) (8) and to Puerto Ricans (10) living in the continental US. Recent studies show similar patterns for selected cancer types (11-14). However, the incidence from infection related cancers such as stomach, liver and cervical is higher in PR than in the US (12). Also, contrary to the US, these cancer types also rank among the leading cancer sites in incidence and mortality (8, 11, 15-16). The PR Central Cancer Registry (PRCCR) is the fourth oldest population based cancer registry in the world (8, 17) and collects information on cancer in PR since 1951. The PRCCR is part of the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) administered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). As with any other surveillance system, the PRCCR is responsible for generating data on cancer burden for the Puerto Rican population, as the collection, analysis and dissemination of health information are important components of public health surveillance systems (18). Given that the last official report of the PRCCR regarding cancer burden in PR was published in 1991 (9), this special article describes the incidence and mortality data for cancer in PR for the period of 1987 to 2004. In addition, we assess differences in cancer incidence and mortality by sex, municipality and health region. This information is important to identify changes in cancer occurrence in PR and to guide the development of future interventions aimed at diminishing the burden of the disease in our population.
Photo Frames
MENS SOCCER: The Griffins season opener is on Thursday against second-ranked The Masters College at 5 p.m. Then on Friday Westminster welcomes 10th-ranked Benedictine College to Dumke for a 5 p.m. kickoff. Both games will be streamed live on Griffins TV at WestminsterGriffins.com. Westminster enters the week after going 10-7-2 in 2009 and advancing to the semi-finals of the Unaffiliated Conference Tournament. They were 6-1-1 in games played on Dumke Field last season and have won three straight. They return 18 players from last seasons team. Dennis Sellis returns in 2010 after leading the team with eight goals and 21 points last season. Sellis attempted a team-best 52 shots as a sophomore and put 31 of those attempts on frame. Matt Jimenez also returns after a five goal season in 2009. Other key returners include Kaden Anselmo, Nikolai Dziezyc, Spencer Luczak, and Bobby Ward.
GOLDEN, Colo. — SolarFrameWorks Co., a premier Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV)
manufacturer, announces the largest BIPV CoolPly™ system in the
state of Massachusetts has been completed by Constellation Energy
Projects Services Group, Inc. (NYSE: CEG). The 525 kilowatt,
state-of-the-art BIPV CoolPly™ commercial roofing system is
providing clean, renewable energy to the Kraft Group’s Patriot Place
Complex, adjacent to Gillette Stadium, in Foxborough, Massachusetts.
The Association of Energy Engineers, New England chapter named the
Patriot Place BIPV CoolPly™ Solar Project as the: “Best Energy
Project in New England,” awarding it the 2009 Energy Project Award.
Projects selected for this award must push the envelope for creativity
and/or comprehensiveness.
CEG financed the BIPV CoolPly™ system through a 20-year
power purchase agreement (PPA) with the Kraft Group. Under the PPA, CEG
will own the energy assets and sell the electricity it generates on site
to Patriot Place. The 525 kilowatt BIPV CoolPly™ power system on
Patriot Place spans seven rooftops. The system supplies one-third of the
electrical needs of Patriot Place and will generate 12 million plus
kilowatts hours of energy over the next 20 years.
SolarFrameWorks manufactures BIPV CoolPly™ in its solar-powered
facility in Golden, Colorado. SolarFrameWorks manufactured this system
with made in the USA materials. Suppliers include Firestone Building
Products and Evergreen Solar (NYSE: ESLR). Silktown Roofing Company, a
SolarFrameWorks partner, installed the proprietary solar electric
roofing system.
The state-of-the-art BIPV CoolPly™ system is elegant in
appearance and innovative in function. The patent pending system
simultaneously cools the roof and cools the solar modules in the summer.
In the winter, the system provides additional insulation preventing heat
loss while optimizing power production to promote optimal power
production and energy conservation in commercial buildings.
BLACKPOOL 2 LUKE VARNEY celebrated his dream move to Blackpool with a cracking debut goal.
Vinyl Floor
G4G Resources Ltd. (”G4G”, “the Company”) (TSX VENTURE: GXG) is pleased to provide an update on the Guatemala Iron Sands project which was announced on May 10, 2010.
With the aim of identifying prospective exploration areas within the Off-Shore Reconnaissance License, the Company conducted sampling within an area starting near the Port of San Jose, Guatemala, and extending approximately sixty-eight kilometres to the west. Auger sampling was conducted on the shore line at approximately one kilometre spacing, together with a series of ocean-floor grab samples also spaced at approximately one kilometre and approximately one kilometre parallel to the shore line. All samples were subjected to XRF analysis by ACME and ALS Chemex Laboratories of Vancouver, B.C.
Basil Botha, President and CEO stated, “The auger and ocean floor sample results provide management with a great deal of confidence in the potential of the iron sands in Guatemala. More importantly, the assays highlight several potential target areas for exploration along the 250km shoreline. The reported iron content (Fe2O3) of the titanomagnetite iron sands is similar to other successful iron sands projects and is very encouraging.”
The table below summarizes composite samples taken from a number of sample areas along the shore line and off-shore. The average grade for 28 auger samples on the shore line is 18.06% Fe2O3 and the average grade for 64 ocean floor grab samples is 6.62% Fe2O3.
Before the credit crunch it was much easier to sell up and move if you got fed up with your home. But with mortgages nowharder to come by its often not an option, so DIY is the next best thing. Here are a few ideas for each room. from quick to costly Easy Glass is all the rage in kitchens, so pull off those tiles and refresh the look with a Sage splashback (70×60cm) pounds 84.99 and matching upstand (14×100cm) pounds 64.99.
ROSELLE, Ill. — Del Medical, Inc. (”Del Medical” or “the Company”) today
announced they were recently awarded a Mexican tender from IMSS
(Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social) for over twenty complete Del
Medical DR radiographic rooms valued in excess of $2 million. Each 50kw,
floor-mounted tube stand system is equipped with Del’s popular EV650
elevating, four-way, float top table and bundled with a DelWorks Medical
DR package. Each package includes a 14” x 17” portable flat panel DR
detector with DelWorks acquisition and processing software.
“Del Medical is honored to have been awarded this tender,” says Toufic
Lorenzo, President and CEO of Del Medical. “We are committed to
upholding and strengthening Del’s reputation as a leading global
supplier of both general radiographic equipment and digital imaging
solutions”.
September 6, 2010
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SO sorry to see The X Factor “in crisis” yet again. Pulling in its biggest audiences of all time. Trust me, the Dark Lord isnt losing any sleep. His carefully staged pantomime is exactly where he wants it. all over the front pages. The talking point of the nation. “Youre fantastically nuts,” Simon told Shirlena. No, Simon. she was clinically nuts. As was glaringly obvious to everyone except you and your production team. She was also useless. And now shes gone. Sob. Meanwhile, massive mistake to improve the voices of the wannabes through the magic of the Auto-Tune editing machine. But are we absolutely sure it was working? Crying “fix” is all part of the pageant. Anything to keep the publicity pot boiling.
WALTER SMITH is seeking a massive improvement on last seasons disastrous C h a m p i o n s L e a g u e campaign. Rangers finished bottom of their section after failing to win, home or away, against Seville, Stuttgart and Unirea. But while on paper Manchester United, Valencia and Bursaspor are even stronger, t h e I b r ox boss believes his players can step up. Smith (right) said: “Our Champions League performances from last season werent good enough, especially in our home games. “Manchester Uniteds pedigree is already set. Valencia have had a good few changes in their team for the first time in the last three seasons. They have lost four of their main players but have brought in another six or seven Spanish players. “They will be changed from the last two or three seasons where they have had fantastic consistency to finish third behind Barcelona and Real Madrid. “And Bursapor? Well, if you were drawn against Fenerbahce or Galatasaray you would say you wo u l d h ave a struggle. It would be a good game and Bursaspor have won the League and they beat Fenerbahce in the first game of the season.
Foreclosure. Reduced hours. Downsizing. Unemployment. In one month, I was given reduced hours at work, my mother lost her benefits, and a former bishop of mine became unemployed. This current economic calamity is taking no prisoners. We all are squeezed by the downturn. When faced by trials, we sometimes ask, “What did I do to deserve this?” In some cases, this may be appropriate. After all, we all need improvement. But sometimes the answer is that we did nothing. Dr. Truman G. Madsen pointed out that when we ask this question we “assume suffering is always a form of Divine punishment. It is not. (We) are convinced by Jobs friends instead of by Job” (see “Eternal Man” by Truman G. Madsen, p. 55).
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Wolters Kluwer Health, a leading global provider of
information for healthcare professionals and students, announced today that
Susan Driscoll, President CEO, Wolters Kluwer Health, Professional
Education
has been invited to deliver a speech at the 2010 Beijing International
Publishing Forum, organized by the Chinese General Administration of Press
and
Publication, on Sunday, August 29, 2010, in Beijing, China.
The Beijing International Publishing Forum is the most important high level
event that provides a valuable opportunity and a platform for Chinese and
foreign publishers to have a dialogue to exchange experiences and learn
from
each other. Held in conjunction with the2010 Beijing International Book
Fair,
this years theme is “Global Publishing Cooperation and Chinas Market
Opportunities.”
In the area of Science and Education Books Publishing, Ms Driscoll
addressed the
impact of availability and the power technology is having on what
publishers are
offering and the potential in medical publishing. Lippincott Williams and
Wilkins, the medical book imprint of Wolters Kluwer Health, has been
publishing
books for over 200 years, and, in fact, is the oldest book publisher in the
United States. Wolters Kluwer Health publishes both education and reference
books for doctors, nurses, and other health professionals.
Ms. Driscoll spoke about the transformation of Wolters Kluwer Health as a
traditional publisher of books to a future where books are quickly becoming
unbound, providing immediate access to content and integrated into the
learnflow
or workflow of the health student or professional.
On Monday, August 30, Wolters Kluwer officially opened its participation in
the
Beijing International Book Fair at 9:00 am on its stand with the launch of
the
latest, innovative products from Wolters Kluwer China. Throughout the Fair,
Wolters Kluwer will demonstrate the latest productivity solutions, tools,
and
products for professionals in the healthcare, pharmaceutical, tax,
accounting,
legal, and regulatory markets worldwide from brands such asAspen
Publishers,
CCH, Kluwer Law International and Lippincott Williams Wilkins.
Women in Kenya remain disadvantaged, with opportunities for educational, social, and economic advancement inferior to those of men. Women are underrepresented in modern sector wage employment, political and judicial decision making, and all major public service appointments. Numerous social, economic, and cultural barriers limit womens participation in these areas. But womens underrepresentation in education is a primary factor. The benefits of womens education to women and to society in general are immense. In the workplace, education increases skills needed for job entry, improves chances of vertical mobility, and enhances overall labor market productivity. It also has positive consequences at home, including improved health, increased child survival rates, reduced fertility rates, lower infant mortality rates, and better protection against HIV and AIDS (Tembon and Fort 2008). Education of women and girls is therefore not only a moral and human rights issue, but also an economic and development issue. Given the significant benefits of womens education, equity in education is essential to improving circumstances for all Kenyans. As the leading provider of education, the government should acknowledge that compensatory mechanisms may be required to level the playing field for disadvantaged girls, and it should adopt an approach that uses these mechanisms. Making education equitable means adopting policies and initiatives that support equal provisions across genders. Female Education in Kenya Education in Kenya has four basic levels: preschool (ages 4-6), primary (ages 7-14), secondary (ages 15-18), and tertiary. Since attaining political independence from Great Britain in 1963, the Kenyan government has emphasized educations importance to economic development. It has also increased the number of schools at all levels, from about six thousand primary and 150 secondary schools in 1963 to almost twenty thousand primary and four thousand secondary schools in 2004. As a result, the student population has increased substantially, with over 700 percent growth at the primary level and almost 3,000 percent growth at the secondary level (Ministry of Education 2007). But this total expansion in education hides disparities by gender and region.
insurance quotes whole life
Wolters Kluwer Health, a leading global provider of
information for healthcare professionals and students, announced today that
Susan Driscoll, President CEO, Wolters Kluwer Health, Professional
Education
has been invited to deliver a speech at the 2010 Beijing International
Publishing Forum, organized by the Chinese General Administration of Press
and
Publication, on Sunday, August 29, 2010, in Beijing, China.
The Beijing International Publishing Forum is the most important high level
event that provides a valuable opportunity and a platform for Chinese and
foreign publishers to have a dialogue to exchange experiences and learn
from
each other. Held in conjunction with the2010 Beijing International Book
Fair,
this years theme is “Global Publishing Cooperation and Chinas Market
Opportunities.”
In the area of Science and Education Books Publishing, Ms Driscoll
addressed the
impact of availability and the power technology is having on what
publishers are
offering and the potential in medical publishing. Lippincott Williams and
Wilkins, the medical book imprint of Wolters Kluwer Health, has been
publishing
books for over 200 years, and, in fact, is the oldest book publisher in the
United States. Wolters Kluwer Health publishes both education and reference
books for doctors, nurses, and other health professionals.
Ms. Driscoll spoke about the transformation of Wolters Kluwer Health as a
traditional publisher of books to a future where books are quickly becoming
unbound, providing immediate access to content and integrated into the
learnflow
or workflow of the health student or professional.
On Monday, August 30, Wolters Kluwer officially opened its participation in
the
Beijing International Book Fair at 9:00 am on its stand with the launch of
the
latest, innovative products from Wolters Kluwer China. Throughout the Fair,
Wolters Kluwer will demonstrate the latest productivity solutions, tools,
and
products for professionals in the healthcare, pharmaceutical, tax,
accounting,
legal, and regulatory markets worldwide from brands such asAspen
Publishers,
CCH, Kluwer Law International and Lippincott Williams Wilkins.
On March 2 of 2007, with the implementation of Law 66, Puerto Rico became a smoke-free island by completely banning indoor smoking in public places such as bars, pubs, casinos, hotels, work places with more than one employee, and cars with any passenger under the age of 13 . According to the literature, the immediate impact of smoke-free workplace policies has been to dramatically reduce the exposition to SHS for customers and workers (10-17). Many studies have used the level of respirable particulate matter ([PM.sub.2.5]) as the main indicator of exposure to SHS because it has been demonstrated that smoking is one of the main sources of indoor levels of [PM.sub.2.5] (10). For example, bars in the state of New York experienced an average reduction of 84% in their [PM.sub.2.5] levels after the Clean Indoor Air Act was implemented in July of 2003 (11). In the case of Austin, Texas, bars experienced a reduction from 71% to 99% in their [PM.sub.2.5] levels after a smoking ban was implemented (12). In another study (13), Irish-theme pubs around the globe located in countries or cities with smoke-free legislation were compared with similar pubs in places without smoke-free ordinances. In this case, the results showed an average 91% reduction in [PM.sub.2.5] levels. In March of 2006, a smoking ban was implemented in Scotland, which substantially covered enclosed places including pubs. Evidence shows that, as a result, Scottish pubs experienced an average of 86% reduction in [PM.sub.2.5] levels (14). In Italy, a year after the implementation of an all smoke-free workplace policy in January of 2005, there was an average of 68% reduction in [PM.sub.2.5] levels across bars, restaurants, game rooms, and pubs (15). The main claim of this study is that the smoke-free workplace policy implemented in March of 2007 was effective in reducing the exposure to SHS in restaurants, pubs, and discos in the metropolitan area of San Juan, Puerto Rico. The specific research objectives of the study were three. First, to measure and compare the restaurants, pubs, and discos in the metropolitan area of San Juan at baseline (before the smoke-free workplace policy was implemented) in terms of the levels of respirable particulate matter (PM), the number of smokers, the number of customers, and establishment area. Second, to measure the change in levels of PM, the number of smokers, and the number of customers before and after March 2007. And third, to measure the effect of the smoke-free workplace policy on the level of PM controlling for the number of customers and establishment area.
Cosmetic Dentistry Atlanta
Wolters Kluwer Health, a leading global provider of
information for healthcare professionals and students, announced today that
Susan Driscoll, President CEO, Wolters Kluwer Health, Professional
Education
has been invited to deliver a speech at the 2010 Beijing International
Publishing Forum, organized by the Chinese General Administration of Press
and
Publication, on Sunday, August 29, 2010, in Beijing, China.
The Beijing International Publishing Forum is the most important high level
event that provides a valuable opportunity and a platform for Chinese and
foreign publishers to have a dialogue to exchange experiences and learn
from
each other. Held in conjunction with the2010 Beijing International Book
Fair,
this years theme is “Global Publishing Cooperation and Chinas Market
Opportunities.”
In the area of Science and Education Books Publishing, Ms Driscoll
addressed the
impact of availability and the power technology is having on what
publishers are
offering and the potential in medical publishing. Lippincott Williams and
Wilkins, the medical book imprint of Wolters Kluwer Health, has been
publishing
books for over 200 years, and, in fact, is the oldest book publisher in the
United States. Wolters Kluwer Health publishes both education and reference
books for doctors, nurses, and other health professionals.
Ms. Driscoll spoke about the transformation of Wolters Kluwer Health as a
traditional publisher of books to a future where books are quickly becoming
unbound, providing immediate access to content and integrated into the
learnflow
or workflow of the health student or professional.
On Monday, August 30, Wolters Kluwer officially opened its participation in
the
Beijing International Book Fair at 9:00 am on its stand with the launch of
the
latest, innovative products from Wolters Kluwer China. Throughout the Fair,
Wolters Kluwer will demonstrate the latest productivity solutions, tools,
and
products for professionals in the healthcare, pharmaceutical, tax,
accounting,
legal, and regulatory markets worldwide from brands such asAspen
Publishers,
CCH, Kluwer Law International and Lippincott Williams Wilkins.
On March 2 of 2007, with the implementation of Law 66, Puerto Rico became a smoke-free island by completely banning indoor smoking in public places such as bars, pubs, casinos, hotels, work places with more than one employee, and cars with any passenger under the age of 13 . According to the literature, the immediate impact of smoke-free workplace policies has been to dramatically reduce the exposition to SHS for customers and workers (10-17). Many studies have used the level of respirable particulate matter ([PM.sub.2.5]) as the main indicator of exposure to SHS because it has been demonstrated that smoking is one of the main sources of indoor levels of [PM.sub.2.5] (10). For example, bars in the state of New York experienced an average reduction of 84% in their [PM.sub.2.5] levels after the Clean Indoor Air Act was implemented in July of 2003 (11). In the case of Austin, Texas, bars experienced a reduction from 71% to 99% in their [PM.sub.2.5] levels after a smoking ban was implemented (12). In another study (13), Irish-theme pubs around the globe located in countries or cities with smoke-free legislation were compared with similar pubs in places without smoke-free ordinances. In this case, the results showed an average 91% reduction in [PM.sub.2.5] levels. In March of 2006, a smoking ban was implemented in Scotland, which substantially covered enclosed places including pubs. Evidence shows that, as a result, Scottish pubs experienced an average of 86% reduction in [PM.sub.2.5] levels (14). In Italy, a year after the implementation of an all smoke-free workplace policy in January of 2005, there was an average of 68% reduction in [PM.sub.2.5] levels across bars, restaurants, game rooms, and pubs (15). The main claim of this study is that the smoke-free workplace policy implemented in March of 2007 was effective in reducing the exposure to SHS in restaurants, pubs, and discos in the metropolitan area of San Juan, Puerto Rico. The specific research objectives of the study were three. First, to measure and compare the restaurants, pubs, and discos in the metropolitan area of San Juan at baseline (before the smoke-free workplace policy was implemented) in terms of the levels of respirable particulate matter (PM), the number of smokers, the number of customers, and establishment area. Second, to measure the change in levels of PM, the number of smokers, and the number of customers before and after March 2007. And third, to measure the effect of the smoke-free workplace policy on the level of PM controlling for the number of customers and establishment area.
In August 2004, the Law #230, approved by the Government of Puerto Rico in a three party resolution, created the University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center (UPRCCC), a public corporation affiliated to the University of Puerto Rico. This law established that this Center will be the organism responsible for executing the public policy related to the prevention, education, and research, as well as the clinical and treatment services related to cancer in Puerto Rico. The dual mission of the UPRCCC is: (1) To deliver the best research-driven cancer care through programs that integrate patient care, research, prevention, and education, and (2) To eradicate cancer in Puerto Rico using a multidisciplinary approach of basic, clinical, and population research. Thus, the UPRCCC is fundamental for the development of cancer control, research, and training efforts in Puerto Rico. More recently, in 2008, with funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Puerto Rico published its first official Cancer Control Plan, a structured guide with measurable outcomes aimed at reducing the cancer burden in our population. All of the previously mentioned initiatives will continue to be key to the progress in cancer control and research in Puerto Rico and thus, to the quality of the preventive and treatment services that we will offer to our patients. The increase in the cancer burden in Puerto Rico has been accompanied by a substantial increase in the volume of published research and federal funds to academic institutions in Puerto Rico for cancer research. Despite this advancement, areas that need our continued support and development in the years to come include: 1) continued surveillance of cancer occurrence in Puerto Rico through the Puerto Rico Central Cancer Registry, 2) development of transdisciplinary and translational cancer research that encompass all areas of the cancer control continuum (prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment, survivorship), 3) outreach efforts that bring scientific knowledge to the development of targeted cancer control strategies for the community, 4) development of sound cancer-related public policy, and 5) continued training of the next generation of cancer researchers and health professionals. Our ability to collaborate in multidisciplinary local and international teams will be essential to our success. The forthcoming issue of the Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal provides an informative summary of various research studies that are currently being conducted in Puerto Rico. The 17 articles in this issue describe diverse research areas in the cancer field including disease burden, disease prevention, correlates of cancer occurrence, diagnostic technologies and clinical management. In addition, an overview of cancer training efforts in the island is discussed. Our future as a healthy nation will require a concerted effort between government, academia and industry that lead the research, training, and public policy efforts that will ultimately result in improved cancer prevention and control outcomes for the people of Puerto Rico. We hope you find in this edition of the journal a well-rounded overview of cancer research in Puerto Rico.
Wicker Dog Crate
This profile is the essential source for top-level energy industry data
and information. The report provides an overview of each of the key
sub-segments of the energy industry in New Zealand. It details the
market structure, regulatory environment, infrastructure and provides
historical and forecasted statistics relating to the supply/demand
balance for each of the key sub-segments. It also provides information
relating to the natural gas assets (gas fields, LNG terminals, pipelines
and underground gas storage terminals) in New Zealand.
The report also analyses the fiscal regime relevant to the natural gas
assets in New Zealand and compares the investment environment in New
Zealand with other countries in the region. The profiles of the major
companies operating in the natural gas sector in New Zealand together
with the latest news and deals are also included in the report.
Scope:
INTRODUCTION Pork is a popular meat consumed by non-muslim Singaporeans with about 87,000 tonnes being consumed per year (Kanagalingam, 2005). Currently, Singapore imports its pork from several countries, but Australian and Indonesian pork is consumed most widely due to its ready availability at supermarkets and wet markets. Fresh pork is obtained from pigs raised in Indonesia but slaughtered at Singapore abattoirs, while chilled pork is mainly imported from Australia and is widely known as “Air Pork”. Singaporean consumers are aware of the origin of pork from packaging labels. Results of a recent survey showed that Singapore consumers associate non-Indonesian pork with the presence of an unpleasant mutton-like off-flavour (Leong et al., 2008). One possible cause of off-flavours in pork is by the oxidation of lipids, leading to the formation of aldehydes and short-chain fatty acids (Reindl and Stan, 1982; Devol, et al., 1988). The rate and extent of lipid oxidation depends on a number of factors, the most important being the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in muscle (Allen and Foegeding, 1981). Pork contains high levels of unsaturated fatty acids relative to ruminant meat (Enser et al., 1996) and is more susceptible to oxidative deterioration of lipids and myoglobin. Feeding of PUFAs to pigs can improve the nutritional quality of pork, but may also increase the susceptibility to oxidation (Sheard et al., 2000; Kouba et al., 2003; Morel et al., 2006). There have been many reports of PUFA-rich feeds leading to increased lipid oxidation and thus off-flavour in pork (Houben and Krol, 1980; Warnants et al., 1998; Roman et al., 1995; Overland et al., 1996; Leskanich et al., 1997; Wood et al., 2003). There have also been examples of off-flavours in pork arising from the direct transfer of aroma components from feed to meat, including several reports on how feeding of fish oil and high fat fish meal to finisher pigs has caused “fishy” and other off-flavours in pork products (Kjos et al., 1999; Lauridsen et al., 1999; Maw et al., 2001; Jaturasitha et al., 2002). The current paper compares sensory assessments of the flavour of pork from the legs of pigs finished in New Zealand on three diets (Morel et al., 2008) using Singaporean panelists. The objective was to determine the extent to which dietary feed treatments received by the New Zealand pigs influenced the sensory properties of pork using trained and untrained Singaporean panels. Results of sensory analyses of pork from the loins of the same New Zealand pigs using New Zealand panelists were reported by Janz et al. (2008).
Women in Kenya remain disadvantaged, with opportunities for educational, social, and economic advancement inferior to those of men. Women are underrepresented in modern sector wage employment, political and judicial decision making, and all major public service appointments. Numerous social, economic, and cultural barriers limit womens participation in these areas. But womens underrepresentation in education is a primary factor. The benefits of womens education to women and to society in general are immense. In the workplace, education increases skills needed for job entry, improves chances of vertical mobility, and enhances overall labor market productivity. It also has positive consequences at home, including improved health, increased child survival rates, reduced fertility rates, lower infant mortality rates, and better protection against HIV and AIDS (Tembon and Fort 2008). Education of women and girls is therefore not only a moral and human rights issue, but also an economic and development issue. Given the significant benefits of womens education, equity in education is essential to improving circumstances for all Kenyans. As the leading provider of education, the government should acknowledge that compensatory mechanisms may be required to level the playing field for disadvantaged girls, and it should adopt an approach that uses these mechanisms. Making education equitable means adopting policies and initiatives that support equal provisions across genders. Female Education in Kenya Education in Kenya has four basic levels: preschool (ages 4-6), primary (ages 7-14), secondary (ages 15-18), and tertiary. Since attaining political independence from Great Britain in 1963, the Kenyan government has emphasized educations importance to economic development. It has also increased the number of schools at all levels, from about six thousand primary and 150 secondary schools in 1963 to almost twenty thousand primary and four thousand secondary schools in 2004. As a result, the student population has increased substantially, with over 700 percent growth at the primary level and almost 3,000 percent growth at the secondary level (Ministry of Education 2007). But this total expansion in education hides disparities by gender and region.
West Highland Way
A PENSIONER could have been killed when a drunken yob threw a flowerpot on to his head from a block of flats, a court heard. Granddad Frank Allen was walking across a car park when he was clobbered by the pot, thrown from a balcony by Lee Bell. He was in hospital for 10 days and needed 32 stitches in his head. The ex-Merchant Navy man, 65, is now afraid to go out at night.
SHOCKED pals of Michaela Davis huddled together in trembling groups yesterday as they struggled to come to terms with the pretty youngsters death. They stood at the entrance to her Village estate in Clonsilla which was exactly at the point where the Garda tape sealed off the scene. The young teens watched as Garda vehicles passed up and down the road and officers hurried around the corner to where the body was discovered in undergrowth. One sobbed: “I just cant believe it. I saw her walking by my house yesterday. Its so hard to believe she is gone, just like that.” Pals said the pretty 12-yearold was short for her age but was much more mature. She was looking forward to returning to starting secondary school tomorrow. Her friends also revealed how she had worn her new uniform for the first time last Friday at Luttrelstown Community College when she picked up her timetable for the coming year.
ITS all about the music in New Orleans. Well, its also about the food, the drink and the crazy people. but to really get to know the place you have to head for the Mardi Gras citys clubs, bars and lounges. This is the place that gave the world jazz, after all, as well as artistes such as Jelly Roll Morton, Fats Domino, Dr John and Harry Connick Jr. Walk down any street in the centre of town and its not long before you hear music spilling from a bar or a lone trumpeter conjuring up the ghost of Louis Armstrong. Most visitors head for the French Quarter, New Orleans oldest and most famous neighbourhood. The streets here are lined with 18th Century buildings with their elaborate wrought-iron galleries and gardens overflowing with hibiscus and roses. As well as the famous bars and jazz venues, there are antique shops, art galleries and restaurants aplenty – some of the eating places are distinctly smart like Brennans and Galatoires, some more down-home like the Acme oyster bar and others selling classic Louisiana fare such as poboys (baguettes stuffed to overflowing with hot sausage, roast beef, oysters and gravy) and muffulettas – a plate-sized bap of salad, salami and cheese. Once in the Quarter everyone heads for Bourbon Street and its raucous bars and tacky shops selling T-shirts and voodoo dolls. Its fun of the rowdy variety, but as a representation of the real New Orleans, its a bit like saying you went to Piccadilly Circus and saw the real London.
September 5, 2010
Dell workstations
RIVERTON — At the construction site of the future Mountain View Corridor, Global Positioning System technology is navigating the navigators. Huge GPS devices have been attached to the equipment thats grading the road. The equipment operators push dirt at about 7-10 mph, while glancing down at computers inside their cabs that show their position in relation to where the future road will materialize. “It can tell him to go to the right or left,” said Randy Norton, survey manager for Copper Hills Constructors, the construction consortium thats building the future west-side freeway. “Or which corner of his blade needs to come up.” The operators use the computers to determine whether theyre grading in the right places and whether theyre going too deep or not deep enough into the ground. Teri Newell, Mountain View Corridor project director, said that GPS aids with precision in grading, which will ultimately help the commuters wholl use the corridor.
AGOURA HILLS, Calif. — ISWest,
which provides environmentally
controlled facilities for computer equipment and high
speed internet connectivity, was named in Inc. magazine’s
Inc. 5000, an exclusive ranking of the nations fastest-growing private
companies. Named for the second year in Inc.’s fourth annual
list, ISWest has grown steadily since its founding in 1996.
“We are fortunate that through this recession, we continue to attract
customers to our state of the art facilities,” says ISWest CEO and CTO
Bob Johnson, who has designed voice and data facilities in the U.S. and
abroad. “We have found that many of our customers who rely on computer
equipment, the internet and voice communications, have outsourced their
mission critical tasks to us, which allows them to focus on their core
business.”
The Inc. list features 5000 of the nation’s fastest-growing
private companies that span many industries. “The leaders of the
companies on this year’s Inc. 5000 have figured out how to grow
their businesses during the longest recession since the Great
Depression,” said Inc. president Bob LaPointe. “The 2010 Inc.
5000 showcases a particularly hardy group of entrepreneurs.”
ISWest’s services include colocation
which houses equipment in environmentally controlled facilities with
redundant power, bandwidth and security; internet connectivity
with T1 and DSL lines; security
including firewalls, VPN and content filtering; and managed
services including VoIP, email, spam filtering and web hosting.
ISWest is also the recipient of the Los Angeles Business Journal’s
4th largest business Internet service provider, the 21st
fastest-growing technology company and the 23rd
fastest-growing privately held company; the San Fernando Valley
Business Journal’s top 16 telecommunications companies and the 50
fastest private growing companies; and Deloitte’s 16th
fastest-growing technology company in Los Angeles.
eyewrinklesnomore.com
HES managed in six countries, including two spells with Real Madrid. Hes felt the wrath of angry supporters as well as the golden glow of success. Yet John Toshack, after 32 years in more hot seats than hed care to remember, will still look back on his time with Wales as the hottest of them all. “Its different to a club job but, yes, its been tough,” said the man who begins his final campaign, Euro 2112, in Montenegro next Friday night. “I knew it would be, thats why I insisted on five years rather than three when I got the job.”
BROADCASTERS will be carefully studying ratings figures for Fridays Euro 2012 fixtures. And you can bet that if England v Bulgaria on ITV1 , for example, draws a lower than normal audience, pressure will mount on FIFA, who changed the calendar for double headers from the traditional Saturday-Wednesday slots to Friday-Tuesday. Many England fans living outside London are furious that the 8pm start will force them to take time off work and create travel problems. But the only opinion that will count in FIFAs corridors of powers are those of TV moguls with their big bucks. The size of their Friday audiences will decide whether the international assault on Saturday kick-offs continues. The omens are not good. TV bosses report that Friday night ratings for rugby union are encouraging.
Web Design Mandurah
Exclusive Forum organized by Chinese General Administration of Press and
Publication (GAPP)
Beijing (August 30, 2010) Wolters Kluwer, a market-leading global
information
services and publishing company focused on professionals, announced that
Nancy
McKinstry, CEO and Chairman of the Executive Board, has been invited by Mr
Liu
Binjie, Minister of General Administration of Press and Publication (GAPP)
to
deliver a keynote speech at the 2010 Beijing International Publishing Forum
on
Sunday, August 29, 2010, in Beijing, China.
The Beijing International Publishing Forum is the most important high-level
industry event that provides a valuable opportunity and a platform for
Chinese
and foreign publishers to have a dialogue and exchange experiences. Held in
conjunction with the 2010 Beijing International Book Fair that is taking
place
from August 29 to September 3, the Forums theme covered “Global Publishing
Cooperation and Chinas Market Opportunities”.
Ms. McKinstry emphasized Wolters Kluwers commitment to support the growth
ambitions in China and deliver world-class information solutions to Chinese
professionals it serves, such as lawyers, accountants, and health
professionals,
especially in the context of the emerging digitization of the information
and
publishing industry. The company remains committed to the Chinese market in
terms of delivering value to customers, employees and investors through
continued investments in developing global partnerships in the tax,
accounting,
legal, and healthcare markets in China.
INTRODUCTION Fat deposition of pigs is of economic importance because of market incentives for lean pork production and decreased feeding costs. It is crucial to investigate and characterize new candidate genes and QTL relevant to pig fat deposit traits. To date, several quantitative trait loci (QTL) significantly affecting 10th-rib, average backfat thickness and other production traits have been mapped on SSC7 (Wang et al., 1998; Nagamine et al., 2003). Peroxisomal [[DELTA].sup.3],[[DELTA].sup.2]-enoyl-CoA isomerase (PECI) was located near the boundary of the quantitative trait loci (QTL) region. [[DELTA].sup.3],[[DELTA].sup.2]-enoyl-CoA isomerase (Ecilp) is unique because its activity is necessary for [beta]-oxidation of all unsaturated fatty acids (Geisbrecht et al., 1999). The series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions required for degradation of fatty acids are evolutionarily conserved and accomplished primarily through the p-oxidation pathway. In peroxisomes, ECI was predicted to be a dominant enzyme for 3-cis 3[right arrow]2-trans and 3-trans 3[right arrow]2-trans isomerizations of long-chain intermediates (Zhang et al., 2002). Fatty acid [beta]-oxidation in mammals is considerably more complicated, primarily due to the existence of overlapping but distinct fatty acid poxidation pathways. Mammalian peroxisomes contain at least three fatty acyl-CoA oxidases, both L-specific and D-specific 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase multifunctional proteins, and at least two thiolases, all of which are encoded by different genes (Palosaari et al., 1990a, 1991; Geisbrecht et al., 1998; Gurvitz et al., 1998; Geisbrecht et al., 1999; Partanen et al., 2004). When the ECI was completely excised in the mouse, it extensively perturbed the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids, especially for short interval starvation and the fatty acid pattern of complex phospholipids was strongly altered (Palosaari et al., 1990b; Janssen et al., 2002). The PECI gene can be encoded by ECI1 and it is required for growth of saccharomyces cerevisiae on unsaturated fatty acids (Gurvitz et al., 1998). It can be concluded that the PECI gene may play an important role during the metabolic processing of unsaturated fatty acids. Deposition of fat by animals in their bodies is associated with the metabolism of fatty acids, and more research would contribute to understanding of porcine fat deposition. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood of mature Tongcheng pigs (Hubei province, China) by phenol/chloroform extraction. RNA was extracted from muscle tissue of adult Tongcheng pigs and adult Swedish Landrace with TRIzol reagent kit (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NE, USA). RACE (the rapid amplification of cDNA ends) was performed according to the instructions of the SMARTTM RACE cDNA Amplification Kit (Clontech Inc, Palo Alto, CA, USA). The PCR products of RACE were purified with the Wizard PCR Preps DNA Purification System (Promega, Madison, WI, USA). ORF were found by the program SeqMan (DNA star, Madison, WI, USA) and the amino acid sequences were deduced with Primer5.0 (Primer Premier5.0, Premier, Canada). Using the pGEM T-easy vector, DNase I (RNase-free) and M-MLV reverse transcriptase from TaKaRa Dalian (Dalian, China), primers were synthesized (Table 1) and PCR products were sequenced by AuGCT Biotechnology (Bejing, China).
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Women in Kenya remain disadvantaged, with opportunities for educational, social, and economic advancement inferior to those of men. Women are underrepresented in modern sector wage employment, political and judicial decision making, and all major public service appointments. Numerous social, economic, and cultural barriers limit womens participation in these areas. But womens underrepresentation in education is a primary factor. The benefits of womens education to women and to society in general are immense. In the workplace, education increases skills needed for job entry, improves chances of vertical mobility, and enhances overall labor market productivity. It also has positive consequences at home, including improved health, increased child survival rates, reduced fertility rates, lower infant mortality rates, and better protection against HIV and AIDS (Tembon and Fort 2008). Education of women and girls is therefore not only a moral and human rights issue, but also an economic and development issue. Given the significant benefits of womens education, equity in education is essential to improving circumstances for all Kenyans. As the leading provider of education, the government should acknowledge that compensatory mechanisms may be required to level the playing field for disadvantaged girls, and it should adopt an approach that uses these mechanisms. Making education equitable means adopting policies and initiatives that support equal provisions across genders. Female Education in Kenya Education in Kenya has four basic levels: preschool (ages 4-6), primary (ages 7-14), secondary (ages 15-18), and tertiary. Since attaining political independence from Great Britain in 1963, the Kenyan government has emphasized educations importance to economic development. It has also increased the number of schools at all levels, from about six thousand primary and 150 secondary schools in 1963 to almost twenty thousand primary and four thousand secondary schools in 2004. As a result, the student population has increased substantially, with over 700 percent growth at the primary level and almost 3,000 percent growth at the secondary level (Ministry of Education 2007). But this total expansion in education hides disparities by gender and region.
FRANK LAMPARD and John Terry are out of Englands Euro 2012 qualifier against Bulgaria at Wembley on Friday night. Boss Fabio Capello could also be without Peter Crouch, Jermain Defoe, Bobby Zamora and David Stockdale. Chelsea midfielder Lampard will undergo an operation this week to combat a long-term hernia injury. Lampard missed a penalty as Chelsea beat Stoke 2-0 yesterday and Blues manager Carlo Ancelotti said: “He was in pain last week, but had treatment and felt it was OK to play today. It has not improved, and he has to have surgery. “This is something Frank had an operation on 10 years ago.
Travertine Perth
If youre wondering where Air Force fullback Jared Tew finds the rage required to challenge massive, mangy tacklers, try visiting his hometown of Park City, Utah. Imagine a less snooty version of Aspen, and you have the right image of Park City. The vibe is mellow. The real estate is astronomical. The nearest mugger works at least 20 miles away. “Its real quiet,” Tew said, smiling as he travels in his mind to the small town where he learned to play football. After first talking to Tew, theres no reason to believe he can bust through the line for the Falcons and muscle past the big men itching to mangle him.
Niagara Acquisition Inc. (”Niagara”), a corporation owned by KingSett Capital Inc. (”KingSett”) and certain clients managed by Alberta Investment Management Corporation (”AIMCo”), has agreed to acquire all of the outstanding equity interests in ING Summit Industrial Fund LP (”Summit”) from Realty Holding LP and Realty Holding II LP in a private acquisition. The transaction value is approximately CDN$2 billion, including assumed debt. Niagara has also agreed to acquire ING Real Estate Canada LP, the manager of Summit.
This news release is being issued under the early warning provisions of Canadian provincial securities legislation.
Summit is Canadas largest owner of light industrial property. It owns a portfolio of over 400 properties containing approximately 32 million square feet of gross leasable space and 751 net developable acres of land in major metropolitan areas across Canada.
KingSett is Canadas leading private equity real estate investment business co-investing with pension funds and high net worth individuals.
AIMCo is one of Canadas largest institutional investors. It manages about $70 billion of Alberta public sector pension and endowment assets, including a real estate portfolio valued in excess of $5 billion.
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AN immigrant worker was left with just pounds 15 after working a 72-hour week, a court heard. Kazimieras Lemezis, 59, was so desperate for food he stole pounds 131 worth of groceries from Tesco. But magistrates let him walk free after hearing he had been living on bread and potatoes after falling into the clutches of an illegal gangmaster. Lemezis, from Lituania, worked 12 hours a day for six days a week on farms around Wisbech, Cambs. But the gangmaster kept nearly all his wages for transport and housing.
Data Transport Experts Will Demonstrate New Technologies Designed for
the Most Demanding Media Workflows
EMERYVILLE, Calif. — Aspera,
Inc. today announced its participation at IBC 2010 at Amsterdam RAI
on September 10-14, 2010. Aspera will be presenting a wide array of
breakthrough data transfer solutions, including: a new high-speed WAN
synchronization product; the next-generation of its faspex™
person-to-person file delivery software; new desktop and mobile clients;
significant enhancements to its now patented fasp™
high-speed file transfer technology and management platform; and ultra
high-speed WAN transfer solutions with major storage vendors EMC, HP,
and Isilon, and cloud computing leader Amazon Web Services.
The company will also be showcasing a new automation and orchestration
platform, and demonstrating how its latest core technology advances are
setting new speed records, including faster than real-time transfer of
HD frame files over global WANs. Finally, stop by the Aspera booth
(7.G11) for an exciting sneak peek at upcoming developments in reliable
multicast transport technology.
Visit the IBC
preview web page for an in-depth look at the new products and
technologies Aspera will be debuting at the show.
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AN immigrant worker was left with just pounds 15 after working a 72-hour week, a court heard. Kazimieras Lemezis, 59, was so desperate for food he stole pounds 131 worth of groceries from Tesco. But magistrates let him walk free after hearing he had been living on bread and potatoes after falling into the clutches of an illegal gangmaster. Lemezis, from Lituania, worked 12 hours a day for six days a week on farms around Wisbech, Cambs. But the gangmaster kept nearly all his wages for transport and housing.
Data Transport Experts Will Demonstrate New Technologies Designed for
the Most Demanding Media Workflows
EMERYVILLE, Calif. — Aspera,
Inc. today announced its participation at IBC 2010 at Amsterdam RAI
on September 10-14, 2010. Aspera will be presenting a wide array of
breakthrough data transfer solutions, including: a new high-speed WAN
synchronization product; the next-generation of its faspex™
person-to-person file delivery software; new desktop and mobile clients;
significant enhancements to its now patented fasp™
high-speed file transfer technology and management platform; and ultra
high-speed WAN transfer solutions with major storage vendors EMC, HP,
and Isilon, and cloud computing leader Amazon Web Services.
The company will also be showcasing a new automation and orchestration
platform, and demonstrating how its latest core technology advances are
setting new speed records, including faster than real-time transfer of
HD frame files over global WANs. Finally, stop by the Aspera booth
(7.G11) for an exciting sneak peek at upcoming developments in reliable
multicast transport technology.
Visit the IBC
preview web page for an in-depth look at the new products and
technologies Aspera will be debuting at the show.
Weddings Australia
WORKMEN resurfacing the road outside a brides house toiled round the clock to get it finished in time for her big day. Anita Longman, 30, feared her wedding car would be unable to pick her up after roadworks were delayed outside her home in Sanderstead, Surrey. So Croydon council asked the road crew to work into the night to complete the work so she could marry Nick Cooley, 31, without a hitch last week.
WORKMEN resurfacing the road outside a brides house toiled round the clock to get it finished in time for her big day. Anita Longman, 30, feared her wedding car would be unable to pick her up after roadworks were delayed outside her home in Sanderstead, Surrey. So Croydon council asked the road crew to work into the night to complete the work so she could marry Nick Cooley, 31, without a hitch last week.
Atlanta Tooth Bonding
One important task when analyzing microarray data is that of determining which genes changed their expressions significantly from one state to another, for example, from tissues in a cancerous state to tissues in a healthy state. In general, the procedure in which such a task is undertaken is known as gene filtering and has been extensively explored due to its potential for recognizing a reduced number of genes, which recognition can offer a shortcut to illness diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment (4-5, 7-21). Gene filtering has been explored through a variety of techniques based on normal distribution, such as the 2 sample t-test (17), ANOVA (22), and the Welch t-test (19), among others. Some authors stress the fact that gene expression data do not follow a normal distribution (18, 21, 23), proposing the use of nonparametric statistical tests such as the Mann-Whitney (MW) test (18), also known as the Wilcoxon test. Genes selected through a filtering procedure can be used for many purposes. Of particular interest to this study was defining a classifier to determine whether a given tissue belongs to a particular category (i.e. cancer or healthy) through measuring the relative expressions of the selected genes. Thus, the interest was on developing a cancer diagnosis that is based on classification. As a precedent, our research group has previously proposed a strategy (based on the Wilcoxon test) to carry out gene filtering and tissue classification (24-25), aiming first for simplicity rather than performance. In this study, using this initial strategy as a baseline, classification performance was targeted through the development of two new methods. The first method employed the Wilcoxon test for gene filtering and classification; however, this revised method introduced a gene-set selection step right after filtering to enhance classification performance. The second method capitalized on this new structure, and used the Nemenyi-Damico-Wolfe (NDW) multiple comparison nonparametric test as a distinctive enhancement strategy. For brevity, the descriptions of the Wilcoxon and the NDW tests have been omitted here but can be readily perused in a textbook on nonparametric statistical methods, such as that of Hollander and Wolfe (26). The structure of this paper is as follows: In the next section, microarray databases are described in general, along with the details of the proposed methods. The computational setting is then discussed in the ensuing section, followed by an assessment of the classification performance of the proposed methods vs. that of the baseline approach. Finally, conclusions are drawn and future plans are described.
Economic theory provides different methods to assess the economic impact of a health condition, as is cancer. The Cost of Illness (COI), developed by Rice (3-6), is the most widely accepted conceptual framework for cost estimates. COI estimates involve three components: direct costs, morbidity costs and mortality costs. Within this framework, several studies with different approaches have been conducted to determine the economic burden of different diseases (7-17). These studies have concluded that the component with the greatest impact lies in the productivity cost, even more than the costs for medical treatment of patients. For example, the National Institutes of Health(18) estimated the cost of illness for different causes of death in United States (US) for 2007. This study estimated the overall cost of cancer at $219.2 billion, of which, $89 billion correspond to direct costs of health expenditure, $18.2 billion in morbidity costs and $112.0 billion in mortality costs (representing more than 52% of total costs). Others studies of the economic burden of cancer in California (14-15) have concluded that the premature mortality cost of breast cancer is 80% of the total costs of the disease. Also, mortality costs of gynecological cancers like ovarian and cervical cancer represent more than 65% of total cost of these cancers. This pattern has also been observed in the state of Texas and in Sweden, Canada, and Spain (10-11, 17, 19-20). Other studies (20-25) have focused on estimating the productivity cost due to cancer mortality. Although these studies show some discrepancies in their methodology, data sources, and the inclusion of indirect costs components, such variations are not necessarily a weakness. Different arenas of application require different approaches and schemes (e.g., economic burden estimates vs. cost-effectiveness analysis) (4-5, 26). From a societal perspective, estimates of the value of labor productivity loss due to premature mortality are important in determining the economic burden of disease. Previous studies in PR have used the COI approach to estimate the cost of AIDS, schizophrenia and traffic accidents (7, 27-28). For example, cumulative total cost of AIDS in PR from period of 19821989 was estimated to be $ 525.2 million (27). Despite the importance of evaluating the economic impact of cancer in PR, there are no previous studies that have used the COI approach to investigate this issue. In fact, this economic component has been overlooked in cancer investigations in PR. Although the value of a persons life transcends its economic value as a productive unit, cost studies present another dimension of a health problem, providing valuable information for society and for policymakers to decide how to allocate scarce resources more optimally (27). Consequently, the aim of this study is to estimate the labor-market productivity loss in PR, as a result of premature mortality, due to overall cancer and by cause-specific cancers in 2004.
Dental Patient Education Software
Economic theory provides different methods to assess the economic impact of a health condition, as is cancer. The Cost of Illness (COI), developed by Rice (3-6), is the most widely accepted conceptual framework for cost estimates. COI estimates involve three components: direct costs, morbidity costs and mortality costs. Within this framework, several studies with different approaches have been conducted to determine the economic burden of different diseases (7-17). These studies have concluded that the component with the greatest impact lies in the productivity cost, even more than the costs for medical treatment of patients. For example, the National Institutes of Health(18) estimated the cost of illness for different causes of death in United States (US) for 2007. This study estimated the overall cost of cancer at $219.2 billion, of which, $89 billion correspond to direct costs of health expenditure, $18.2 billion in morbidity costs and $112.0 billion in mortality costs (representing more than 52% of total costs). Others studies of the economic burden of cancer in California (14-15) have concluded that the premature mortality cost of breast cancer is 80% of the total costs of the disease. Also, mortality costs of gynecological cancers like ovarian and cervical cancer represent more than 65% of total cost of these cancers. This pattern has also been observed in the state of Texas and in Sweden, Canada, and Spain (10-11, 17, 19-20). Other studies (20-25) have focused on estimating the productivity cost due to cancer mortality. Although these studies show some discrepancies in their methodology, data sources, and the inclusion of indirect costs components, such variations are not necessarily a weakness. Different arenas of application require different approaches and schemes (e.g., economic burden estimates vs. cost-effectiveness analysis) (4-5, 26). From a societal perspective, estimates of the value of labor productivity loss due to premature mortality are important in determining the economic burden of disease. Previous studies in PR have used the COI approach to estimate the cost of AIDS, schizophrenia and traffic accidents (7, 27-28). For example, cumulative total cost of AIDS in PR from period of 19821989 was estimated to be $ 525.2 million (27). Despite the importance of evaluating the economic impact of cancer in PR, there are no previous studies that have used the COI approach to investigate this issue. In fact, this economic component has been overlooked in cancer investigations in PR. Although the value of a persons life transcends its economic value as a productive unit, cost studies present another dimension of a health problem, providing valuable information for society and for policymakers to decide how to allocate scarce resources more optimally (27). Consequently, the aim of this study is to estimate the labor-market productivity loss in PR, as a result of premature mortality, due to overall cancer and by cause-specific cancers in 2004.
One important task when analyzing microarray data is that of determining which genes changed their expressions significantly from one state to another, for example, from tissues in a cancerous state to tissues in a healthy state. In general, the procedure in which such a task is undertaken is known as gene filtering and has been extensively explored due to its potential for recognizing a reduced number of genes, which recognition can offer a shortcut to illness diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment (4-5, 7-21). Gene filtering has been explored through a variety of techniques based on normal distribution, such as the 2 sample t-test (17), ANOVA (22), and the Welch t-test (19), among others. Some authors stress the fact that gene expression data do not follow a normal distribution (18, 21, 23), proposing the use of nonparametric statistical tests such as the Mann-Whitney (MW) test (18), also known as the Wilcoxon test. Genes selected through a filtering procedure can be used for many purposes. Of particular interest to this study was defining a classifier to determine whether a given tissue belongs to a particular category (i.e. cancer or healthy) through measuring the relative expressions of the selected genes. Thus, the interest was on developing a cancer diagnosis that is based on classification. As a precedent, our research group has previously proposed a strategy (based on the Wilcoxon test) to carry out gene filtering and tissue classification (24-25), aiming first for simplicity rather than performance. In this study, using this initial strategy as a baseline, classification performance was targeted through the development of two new methods. The first method employed the Wilcoxon test for gene filtering and classification; however, this revised method introduced a gene-set selection step right after filtering to enhance classification performance. The second method capitalized on this new structure, and used the Nemenyi-Damico-Wolfe (NDW) multiple comparison nonparametric test as a distinctive enhancement strategy. For brevity, the descriptions of the Wilcoxon and the NDW tests have been omitted here but can be readily perused in a textbook on nonparametric statistical methods, such as that of Hollander and Wolfe (26). The structure of this paper is as follows: In the next section, microarray databases are described in general, along with the details of the proposed methods. The computational setting is then discussed in the ensuing section, followed by an assessment of the classification performance of the proposed methods vs. that of the baseline approach. Finally, conclusions are drawn and future plans are described.
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Clarence (”Clancy”) Edward Aschbrenner, age 61, passed away on August 19, 2010, after a battle with pancreatic cancer. He was born December 9th, 1948, at Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas, to Major Reuben and Mrs. Norma Aschbrenner. As the son of an Air Force pilot, Clancy was raised across the United States as well as Canada, Germany, and Austria.
Harold W. Smith, age 85, a longtime resident of Colorado Springs, passed away on August 23, 2010 in Colorado Springs. Harold was born on July 11, 1925 at Kit Carson, Colorado, a son of the late Walter J. and Catherine (Kessler) Smith. Harold was proud to be from the Cripple Creek/Victor area and was a graduate of Victor High School and of the Dallas Institute of Mortuary Science.
Kitchen Fire Suppression
In vivo study at Univ. of Oklahoma Health Sciences
Center suggests low-level electromagnetic fields (EMFs) can prevent and
reverse involuntary remodeling of the heart caused by atrial
fibrillation (A-Fib)
“Use of electromagnetic fields can suppress atrial
fibrillation.”Benjamin J. Scherlag, Ph.D., professor of
medicine, Heart Rhythm Institute, Univ. of Oklahoma Health Sciences
Center
LITTLETON, Colo. — Emerging medical technology company Pico-Tesla,
The Magneceutical™ Company, announced today
that its Magneceutical™ Therapy and Resonator™ device are
featured in this month’s issue of EP Lab Digest. The
article — “On
the Horizon: Using Low-Level Electromagnetic Fields to Treat Atrial
Fibrillation” — was written by Jodie Elrod, editor of EP
Lab Digest.
In May 2010, Pico-Tesla announced data from an in vivo study
completed at the Univ. of Oklahoma’s Heart Rhythm Institute that
suggests extremely low-level electromagnetic fields (EMFs) can prevent
and reverse involuntary remodeling of the heart by terminating and
preventing atrial fibrillation (A-Fib). The principal
investigator for the study was Benjamin J. Scherlag, Ph.D., and Sunny
S. Po, M.D., Ph.D. of the Heart Rhythm Institute, University of
Oklahoma Health Sciences Center.
“I never thought I would set myself on fire for anything, ever! But after working with Cold Fire, I knew I would be safe. If my demonstration saves one person from being burned, then it was worth it,” commented Sully Sullivan, star of the Pitchmen Show.
Cold Fire is a new generation fire-suppressing agent from Omni Response that instantly and safely extinguishes flames and leaves surfaces cool to the touch. Since most fire extinguisher-type products are dry powder, they offer no cooling effect. This important Cold Fire difference prevents heat damage and the possibility of fire. Cold Fire can even put out magnesium fires, which can burn at 5000 degrees and cannot be put out with water. Magnesium is found in many newer model vehicles.
Cold Fire is perfect for: kitchens, cars, boats, RVs, garages, workshops, fireplaces, backyards, grilling, around candles, and at camping sites. It is safe for the family, including children and pets. Easy to use and operate, no specialized training is required. It is non-corrosive; environmentally friendly, non-toxic, and biodegradable and does not leave a sticky or slippery residue, making it easy to clean up. It is proudly made in the U.S.A.
Among the industries confidently using Cold Fire are: fire and police departments, forestry departments, welders, trucking companies, the military and automotive racing organizations.
September 4, 2010
Arlington Movers
Majority Report Their Lives and Careers are Headed in the Right
Direction
The study found nearly one-third (29.5%) of respondents report “things
are going great – I wouldn’t change a thing” when asked their overall
work and life outlook, and another 44.9% say that things are “okay” and
with just a few minor changes they would “be even better off.” Only
one-in-six (16.2%) say “I need to change direction… and fast!” The study
found that nearly two-thirds (64.7%) of 18-34 guys are employed with
40.4% working in jobs they think are good for their careers. Another
one-quarter (24.3%) say they are working, but feel it is time for a
better gig. One-fifth (21.7%) of respondents are students; and 14% are
unemployed – with the majority (79.8%) of this latter group actively
looking for work.
“Young men are a resilient group, optimistic and fairly positive of
their current state,” said James Green, President of Giant Realm. “They
have good jobs, they’re motivated, they’re social, they’re spending
money and they influence their family and friends. The fact that young
men see themselves as being in a good place is good news for advertisers
who target this important group to promote the products guys love.”
Though 45.9% of all respondents live at home with their parents,
seven-in-ten (69.8%) of those who do say mom and dad “like having me at
home.” Of those respondents living at home, the majority (62.2%) are
between the ages of 18-24.
TIANJIN, China — Yayi
International Inc., (OTC Bulletin Board: YYIN) (”Yayi International”
or “the Company”), the first mover and a leading producer and
distributor of premium goat milk formula products for infants, toddlers,
young children, and adults in the People’s Republic of China (“China”),
today announced that the Company has added a key national distributor
that strategically positions it for strong sales growth.
Eastern Hua-tong Group Corp. (“Eastern Hua-tong”), China’s most renowned
distributor of professional dairy formula, has approached Yayi
International to form a distribution partnership. The Shenzhen-based
distributor has a successful track record of distributing dairy brands
of leading international infant formula manufacturers, such as Mead
Johnson, Wyeth and Abbott. Yayi International expects the cooperation
with Eastern Hua-tong will help the Company further expand sales in
South China initially by facilitating entry to both supermarkets and
infant-maternity stores.
In addition, Yayi International has renewed its contract with Beijing CP
Commercial Trading Co., Ltd. (“Beijing CP”), China’s largest national
food distributor in terms of sales. The renewal is expected to increase
the Company’s market penetration in Hebei province and the greater
Beijing area by adding more supermarkets, including multinational retail
channels such as Wal-Mart and Carrefour, into its regional sales network.
“We are excited to have developed these two high-profile distribution
partnerships as they have important strategic implications for our
growth prospects in the goat milk market,” said Ms. Li Liu, Chief
Executive Officer of Yayi International. “In addition, this development
demonstrates the solid trust these distributors have in the safety and
quality of our premium goat milk products as well as their confidence in
the market potential of the goat milk segment amid renewed concerns
about the safety of cow milk formula among Chinese consumers.”
LOOK out for removal vans on the roads on Wednesday. September 1 is the most popular date of the year to move house. But whenever you do move, make sure youre not one of the thousands of people who are woefully unprepared for the upheaval. Research for Post Office HomePhone found that more than a quarter of people leave it until a week or less before moving to transfer their landline – most providers need two weeks notice. Hugh Stacey, Head of Post Office HomePhone, said: “Our findings show a surprisingly large number of people make little or no effort to plan their move in advance, despite it being a huge life event. “Although movers are keen to sort out their furniture and plan their decoration, practical things such as redirecting their mail and arranging for a landline in their new home are often left until only a few days before leaving their old property.”
Funeral Programs
Topeka Lions Club, 11:05 a.m. Monday , Top of the Tower, 534 S. Kansas Ave. Program: The Rev. Alden Hickman on “The Babylonians and Genesis: Different Ways of Understanding Life.” Kiwanis Club of Topeka, noon Monday , Jayhawk Tower Florentine Room, 700 S.W. Jackson. Program: Dot Leakey on the Kiwanis worldwide project — “The ELIMINATE Project.”
Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc. today announced results from the Phase 2 INNOVATE-PCI study of its investigational antiplatelet drug, elinogrel, the only competitive, reversible direct-acting P2Y12 ADP receptor antagonist. Results in patients undergoing non-urgent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) showed that an intravenous (i.v.) and oral elinogrel regimen provided more rapid and greater antiplatelet activity than clopidogrel (Plavix®*) without a significant increase in the risk of TIMI major and minor bleeding, and was generally well tolerated. These findings establish the basis for clinical dose selection for a pivotal Phase 3 program, which is anticipated to start in the first quarter of 2011. The data were presented today during the Hot Line II – Coronary Artery Disease late-breaker session at the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Congress in Stockholm. Elinogrel is being developed in collaboration with Novartis, which holds worldwide development and commercialization rights.
“Cardiovascular deaths from thrombotic events [blood clots] continue to rise globally and current antiplatelet medicines are not effective for all patients,” said INNOVATE-PCI study chair Dr. Robert Harrington, Director, Duke Clinical Research Institute in Durham, N.C. “The medical community has particular interest in the development of novel agents, including those that have the potential to offer adaptability in their administration and have a competitive, reversible mechanism of action. The results of this study support the further investigation of elinogrels use in patients with heart disease.”
INNOVATE-PCI Study Design
The randomized, double-blind, multi-center Phase 2 trial evaluated i.v. and oral elinogrel compared with clopidogrel in addition to standard of care in approximately 650 patients undergoing non-urgent PCI. The study was designed to evaluate multiple endpoints. These included assessing antiplatelet activity (a well-established marker associated with clinical outcomes) in a small pharmacodynamic substudy, and the safety and tolerability of elinogrel across several doses (80 or 120 mg administered i.v., followed by either a 100 mg or 150 mg oral dose) during a 60-120 day treatment period. The study was not designed or powered to examine a specific primary endpoint.
INNOVATE-PCI Results
Elinogrel demonstrated more rapid and greater antiplatelet effect (measured by extent of platelet aggregation) than loading doses of clopidogrel (300-600 mg) that reached statistical significance within 15 to 30 minutes (150 mg, p=0.007; 100 mg, p=0.015) and at 20 hours (150 mg, p=0.016; 100 mg, p=0.025) following study drug administration. Antiplatelet activity of elinogrel was sustained during the i.v. to oral transition and greater antiplatelet effect was achieved vs. clopidogrel during oral chronic administration. There were no TIMI major bleeding events in the acute 24 hour phase in either the clopidogrel or the 150 mg and 100 mg elinogrel treated patients, and only one TIMI minor bleeding event occurred in each of the elinogrel 150 mg and 100 mg arms. In the chronic phase between 24 hours and 120 days, bleeding events were low with no TIMI major and one TIMI minor bleeding event in the clopidogrel-treated patients and two TIMI major and no TIMI minor events in both the elinogrel 150 mg and 100 mg arms. There was a dose-dependent trend in the rate of lesser bleeds (bleeding requiring medical attention) with elinogrel during the peri-PCI period (3.9% for the clopidogrel arm vs. 6.6% and 9.0% for each of the pooled. i.v. doses). There were no significant differences in clinical efficacy at 24 hours or 120 days.
Bleeding is often used in Phase 2 studies as a marker for antithrombotic activity because cardiovascular event rates are low, particularly in a non-urgent PCI patient population. Accordingly, these results form the basis for dose selection for larger Phase 3 studies designed to confirm the clinical utility of elinogrel.
Ladies Golf Club Set
CRAIG BELLAMY says that he feels at home for the first time in his career. There were those who thought his recent move to Cardiff City was a loss to the Premier League. But the Welshman insists that a loan deal taking him from Manchester City to his home-town club was always his first choice. And he admitted to Sunday Mirror Sport: “It wasnt a hard decision, it was probably one of the easiest choices I have had to make in my career. I have spent most of my career feeling that the world was against me and, to be honest, I have always thrived in that environment. “But for the first time I feel like I belong, and I have respect from people which is extremely comforting.
Chris Tunis 1956 ~ 2010
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Women in Kenya remain disadvantaged, with opportunities for educational, social, and economic advancement inferior to those of men. Women are underrepresented in modern sector wage employment, political and judicial decision making, and all major public service appointments. Numerous social, economic, and cultural barriers limit womens participation in these areas. But womens underrepresentation in education is a primary factor. The benefits of womens education to women and to society in general are immense. In the workplace, education increases skills needed for job entry, improves chances of vertical mobility, and enhances overall labor market productivity. It also has positive consequences at home, including improved health, increased child survival rates, reduced fertility rates, lower infant mortality rates, and better protection against HIV and AIDS (Tembon and Fort 2008). Education of women and girls is therefore not only a moral and human rights issue, but also an economic and development issue. Given the significant benefits of womens education, equity in education is essential to improving circumstances for all Kenyans. As the leading provider of education, the government should acknowledge that compensatory mechanisms may be required to level the playing field for disadvantaged girls, and it should adopt an approach that uses these mechanisms. Making education equitable means adopting policies and initiatives that support equal provisions across genders. Female Education in Kenya Education in Kenya has four basic levels: preschool (ages 4-6), primary (ages 7-14), secondary (ages 15-18), and tertiary. Since attaining political independence from Great Britain in 1963, the Kenyan government has emphasized educations importance to economic development. It has also increased the number of schools at all levels, from about six thousand primary and 150 secondary schools in 1963 to almost twenty thousand primary and four thousand secondary schools in 2004. As a result, the student population has increased substantially, with over 700 percent growth at the primary level and almost 3,000 percent growth at the secondary level (Ministry of Education 2007). But this total expansion in education hides disparities by gender and region.
Economic theory provides different methods to assess the economic impact of a health condition, as is cancer. The Cost of Illness (COI), developed by Rice (3-6), is the most widely accepted conceptual framework for cost estimates. COI estimates involve three components: direct costs, morbidity costs and mortality costs. Within this framework, several studies with different approaches have been conducted to determine the economic burden of different diseases (7-17). These studies have concluded that the component with the greatest impact lies in the productivity cost, even more than the costs for medical treatment of patients. For example, the National Institutes of Health(18) estimated the cost of illness for different causes of death in United States (US) for 2007. This study estimated the overall cost of cancer at $219.2 billion, of which, $89 billion correspond to direct costs of health expenditure, $18.2 billion in morbidity costs and $112.0 billion in mortality costs (representing more than 52% of total costs). Others studies of the economic burden of cancer in California (14-15) have concluded that the premature mortality cost of breast cancer is 80% of the total costs of the disease. Also, mortality costs of gynecological cancers like ovarian and cervical cancer represent more than 65% of total cost of these cancers. This pattern has also been observed in the state of Texas and in Sweden, Canada, and Spain (10-11, 17, 19-20). Other studies (20-25) have focused on estimating the productivity cost due to cancer mortality. Although these studies show some discrepancies in their methodology, data sources, and the inclusion of indirect costs components, such variations are not necessarily a weakness. Different arenas of application require different approaches and schemes (e.g., economic burden estimates vs. cost-effectiveness analysis) (4-5, 26). From a societal perspective, estimates of the value of labor productivity loss due to premature mortality are important in determining the economic burden of disease. Previous studies in PR have used the COI approach to estimate the cost of AIDS, schizophrenia and traffic accidents (7, 27-28). For example, cumulative total cost of AIDS in PR from period of 19821989 was estimated to be $ 525.2 million (27). Despite the importance of evaluating the economic impact of cancer in PR, there are no previous studies that have used the COI approach to investigate this issue. In fact, this economic component has been overlooked in cancer investigations in PR. Although the value of a persons life transcends its economic value as a productive unit, cost studies present another dimension of a health problem, providing valuable information for society and for policymakers to decide how to allocate scarce resources more optimally (27). Consequently, the aim of this study is to estimate the labor-market productivity loss in PR, as a result of premature mortality, due to overall cancer and by cause-specific cancers in 2004.
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More than 100 HPV types have been identified with more than 30 being sexually transmitted (7). Anogenital HPV types have been classified into low-risk types (non-oncogenic), which are associated with anogenital warts (condyloma acuminata), oral and conjunctival papillomas, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (in infants and young children), and mild dysplasia (8). High-risk types (oncogenic) are associated with high-grade dysplasia and various cancers. Current estimates of the attributable fraction, the proportion of cancer cases preventable by the elimination of HPV, are very high (9): 100% for cervical, 90% for anal, 40% for vulvar and vaginal, 50% for cancer of the penis, and between 33 and 72% of oropharyngeal cancers (10). Although there has been increasing interest in understanding the burden of HPV infection and related comorbidities in men (11), studies in this group are still quite limited (12), particularly among Hispanics. Research and surveillance data have indicated that Hispanics have been disproportionately affected by HIV/ AIDS (13), Other STIs (14) and may engage disproportionately in high-risk sexual behaviors (15). In addition, a higher incidence of cervical cancer is observed in Puerto Rico and Hispanic women in the US compared with non-Hispanic whites (Figure 1). These factors could reflect a potential higher prevalence of HPV infection in these populations, as well as disparities in screening rates in these groups (16) suggesting that Hispanic and Puerto Rican men might also be at higher risk for HPV infection and related health outcomes. This high incidence might also lead to a significant economic burden. In Puerto Rico for example, it was estimated that the economic impact of HPV related cancers in 2004 was approximately 7.5% (close to 5 million dollars) of the total cancer costs (17). Even though HPV infection is highly prevalent in sexually active men, (18), most research studies have focused only in women. Studies in men are of particular relevance because, as with other STIs, men play a key role in the transmission dynamics to both male and female sexual partners. It is also clear that HPV infection in men is a serious clinical issue, given the association of HPV infection with a variety of cancers in men, including anal cancer and a subset of penile and oral cancers (19). With the world-wide introduction of two new prophylactic vaccines (bivalent vaccine protecting against HPV 16 and 18, and the quadrivalent vaccine protecting against HPV 16, 18, 6 and 11) against oncogenic HPVs causing cervical cancer in women (20), and the recent FDA approval of the quadrivalent vaccine to prevent genital warts also in men, there is an urgency to determine the burden of HPV in Hispanic populations before vaccination programs are implemented on a widespread basis. Knowledge of the burden of the disease and its related morbidities prior to implementation of these programs will allow a better assessment and understanding of the short-term and long-term effectiveness of this primary prevention strategy for cervical neoplasia and genital warts. In addition, it will permit exploring the prevalence of type-specific HPVs in these populations, not currently included in the HPV vaccines available in the market.
During the second half of the last century, the incidence of cancer in PR increased dramatically; however, rates seem to have begun to stabilize in more recent years (8-9). Previous studies in the 1970s and 1980s showed a lower incidence of total cancer in persons residing in PR as compared with the general population in the United States (US) (8) and to Puerto Ricans (10) living in the continental US. Recent studies show similar patterns for selected cancer types (11-14). However, the incidence from infection related cancers such as stomach, liver and cervical is higher in PR than in the US (12). Also, contrary to the US, these cancer types also rank among the leading cancer sites in incidence and mortality (8, 11, 15-16). The PR Central Cancer Registry (PRCCR) is the fourth oldest population based cancer registry in the world (8, 17) and collects information on cancer in PR since 1951. The PRCCR is part of the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) administered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). As with any other surveillance system, the PRCCR is responsible for generating data on cancer burden for the Puerto Rican population, as the collection, analysis and dissemination of health information are important components of public health surveillance systems (18). Given that the last official report of the PRCCR regarding cancer burden in PR was published in 1991 (9), this special article describes the incidence and mortality data for cancer in PR for the period of 1987 to 2004. In addition, we assess differences in cancer incidence and mortality by sex, municipality and health region. This information is important to identify changes in cancer occurrence in PR and to guide the development of future interventions aimed at diminishing the burden of the disease in our population.
Economic theory provides different methods to assess the economic impact of a health condition, as is cancer. The Cost of Illness (COI), developed by Rice (3-6), is the most widely accepted conceptual framework for cost estimates. COI estimates involve three components: direct costs, morbidity costs and mortality costs. Within this framework, several studies with different approaches have been conducted to determine the economic burden of different diseases (7-17). These studies have concluded that the component with the greatest impact lies in the productivity cost, even more than the costs for medical treatment of patients. For example, the National Institutes of Health(18) estimated the cost of illness for different causes of death in United States (US) for 2007. This study estimated the overall cost of cancer at $219.2 billion, of which, $89 billion correspond to direct costs of health expenditure, $18.2 billion in morbidity costs and $112.0 billion in mortality costs (representing more than 52% of total costs). Others studies of the economic burden of cancer in California (14-15) have concluded that the premature mortality cost of breast cancer is 80% of the total costs of the disease. Also, mortality costs of gynecological cancers like ovarian and cervical cancer represent more than 65% of total cost of these cancers. This pattern has also been observed in the state of Texas and in Sweden, Canada, and Spain (10-11, 17, 19-20). Other studies (20-25) have focused on estimating the productivity cost due to cancer mortality. Although these studies show some discrepancies in their methodology, data sources, and the inclusion of indirect costs components, such variations are not necessarily a weakness. Different arenas of application require different approaches and schemes (e.g., economic burden estimates vs. cost-effectiveness analysis) (4-5, 26). From a societal perspective, estimates of the value of labor productivity loss due to premature mortality are important in determining the economic burden of disease. Previous studies in PR have used the COI approach to estimate the cost of AIDS, schizophrenia and traffic accidents (7, 27-28). For example, cumulative total cost of AIDS in PR from period of 19821989 was estimated to be $ 525.2 million (27). Despite the importance of evaluating the economic impact of cancer in PR, there are no previous studies that have used the COI approach to investigate this issue. In fact, this economic component has been overlooked in cancer investigations in PR. Although the value of a persons life transcends its economic value as a productive unit, cost studies present another dimension of a health problem, providing valuable information for society and for policymakers to decide how to allocate scarce resources more optimally (27). Consequently, the aim of this study is to estimate the labor-market productivity loss in PR, as a result of premature mortality, due to overall cancer and by cause-specific cancers in 2004.
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TEST cricket never fails to amaze me. When England collapsed to 102-7 just 40 overs into the game it would have taken a brave man to suggest that England would go on to win at Lords. Yet here we are this morning with England on the brink of a quite remarkable victory. Whoever says Test cricket is dull needs to take another look. We have been royally entertained with some outstanding batting and bowling which has been a wonderful advertisement for the game. The world-recordbreaking eighth-wicket partnership of 332 between Jonathan Trott and Stuart Broad was not only of the highest class but has enabled England to secure the series win. Pakistan thoroughly deserved their success at the Brit Oval last week and arrived at the home of cricket full of confidence.
Come on, Hollywood. A $10 million opening weekend is nothing to celebrate. You certainly wouldnt know that, though, if you read all the glowing press releases about last weekends new horror-comedy, “Piranha,” better known as “Piranha 3-D.” (Despite the misleading advertising, the film is playing in either 2-D or 3-D, depending on the location.) Anyway, officials from Dimension Film crowed about the $10 million haul and the No. 6 slot where the movie finished in the weekend Top 10. In fact, they already announced that a sequel is in the works. Dont believe the hype, though. This is simply more movie business “spin,” as its known. Other studios were putting similar spins on the performances of a glut of new movie releases. Almost all of them bombed at the box office last weekend.
September 3, 2010
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Epidemiological studies in the United States (US), Europe, Australia, and Africa have documented standardized incidence ratios (SIR) of AIDS related and non-AIDS related cancers using data from linked Cancer and AIDS registries (4-13). In a population-based registry linkage in New York State, Gallagher et al. (10) reported significant SIR for KS, NHL, invasive cervical cancer, and several non-AIDS related cancers affecting the tongue, mouth, rectum, anus, trachea, bronchus, and lung. In Italy, Dal Maso, Serraino and Franceschi (7) reported a SIR of 302 (95% CI, 253-357) for NHL in AIDS patients. In a linkage of AIDS and cancer registries from 11 US regions, Engels et al. (4) reported important declines in KS and NHL after the introduction of HAART in people with AIDS, no change in cervical cancer, and increased risk of non-AIDS related cancers, particularly Hodgkin lymphoma, anus, liver, and lung cancer. An AIDS-Cancer linkage was also conducted in Africa, where the incidence of all AIDS related cancers and some non-AIDS related cancers (Hodgkin lymphoma, conjunctiva, kidney, thyroid, and uterus) were found to be higher among people with AIDS (9). In a more recent prospective cohort study, Patel et al. (5) also reported a reduction in AIDS related malignancies except for cervical cancer, and a significant increase risk of non-AIDS related malignancies in a cohort of adults living with HIV compared to the general population in the US. The most important types of non-AIDS related malignancies were: anal, vaginal, Hodgkin lymphoma, liver, lung, melanoma, oropharyngeal, leukemia, colorectal and renal. These results suggest that the incidence of non-AIDS related cancers has increased more than the incidence of AIDS related cancers, and that the influence of HAART in the development and prognosis of various cancers is still not clear. Biological, environmental and behavioral risk factors must also be explored to better define the long-term cancer risk in people living with HIV/AIDS (14). Puerto Rico (PR) is one of the top ten US States and territories with the highest cumulative number of AIDS cases, and Puerto Ricans are the second largest group of Hispanics in the US with higher cancer mortality rates (15-16). However, little information is available regarding AIDS related and non-AIDS related malignancies among Hispanics with HIV/ AIDS in the US or PR. In one retrospective cohort study in Southern California, Levine et al. (17) reported that from 1982 to 1998 the prevalence of AIDS-related lymphoma decreased significantly in whites but increased in Hispanics. In another study, Fordyce et al. (18) conducted a population-based AIDS-Cancer linkage analysis of women from New York City diagnosed with AIDS between 1981 and 1994, and reported that 47% of all cancer cases were among African Americans, 36% among Hispanics, and 16% among non-Hispanic whites. Mayor et al. (19) conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 3,576 HIV/AIDS patients attending an outpatient clinic in PR from 1992 to 2005. Of these patients, 171 (4.8%) were diagnosed with cancer at some point in their lives: 51.5% AIDS related and 48.5% non-AIDS related cancers. Because no population-based studies have been conducted in PR, the risk of AIDS related and non-AIDS related cancers in PR compared to the general population is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to estimate the risk of AIDS related and non-AIDS related cancers among Hispanics with AIDS in PR using the Puerto Rico Central Cancer Registry and the Puerto Rico AIDS Surveillance Program Registry. Both are population-based registries that receive support from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We hypothesized that the risk of all AIDS related cancers and the risk of many non-AIDS related cancers will be higher in the AIDS group compared with the general population in PR. The results of this study will provide the basis for future epidemiological studies to characterize the natural history of specific cancers in HIV infection and other important biological, environmental, and behavioral risk factors.
Women in Kenya remain disadvantaged, with opportunities for educational, social, and economic advancement inferior to those of men. Women are underrepresented in modern sector wage employment, political and judicial decision making, and all major public service appointments. Numerous social, economic, and cultural barriers limit womens participation in these areas. But womens underrepresentation in education is a primary factor. The benefits of womens education to women and to society in general are immense. In the workplace, education increases skills needed for job entry, improves chances of vertical mobility, and enhances overall labor market productivity. It also has positive consequences at home, including improved health, increased child survival rates, reduced fertility rates, lower infant mortality rates, and better protection against HIV and AIDS (Tembon and Fort 2008). Education of women and girls is therefore not only a moral and human rights issue, but also an economic and development issue. Given the significant benefits of womens education, equity in education is essential to improving circumstances for all Kenyans. As the leading provider of education, the government should acknowledge that compensatory mechanisms may be required to level the playing field for disadvantaged girls, and it should adopt an approach that uses these mechanisms. Making education equitable means adopting policies and initiatives that support equal provisions across genders. Female Education in Kenya Education in Kenya has four basic levels: preschool (ages 4-6), primary (ages 7-14), secondary (ages 15-18), and tertiary. Since attaining political independence from Great Britain in 1963, the Kenyan government has emphasized educations importance to economic development. It has also increased the number of schools at all levels, from about six thousand primary and 150 secondary schools in 1963 to almost twenty thousand primary and four thousand secondary schools in 2004. As a result, the student population has increased substantially, with over 700 percent growth at the primary level and almost 3,000 percent growth at the secondary level (Ministry of Education 2007). But this total expansion in education hides disparities by gender and region.
INTRODUCTION The essentiality of copper for poultry and livestock is well documented (Davis and Mertz, 1987). Cu is an essential mineral which serves as co-factor in many enzyme systems in the body. Cu-sulfate (CuS[O.sub.4]5[H.sub.2]O) is the most commonly used dietary Cu supplement. Copper in the form of Cu-sulfate improves growth rate and feed efficiency in broilers (Choi and Paik, 1989; Baker et al., 1991) and in pigs (Roof and Mahan, 1982; Edmonds et al., 1985; Cromwell et al., 1989) at supernormal level (125 to 250 mg/kg). Growth promoting effect of dietary Cu has been attributed to its antimicrobial action (Fuller at el., 1960; Bunch et al., 1961; Burnell et al., 1988). Improved availability of Cu from organic Cu complexes compared with the commonly used Cu salts recently has been suggested. Chelates, complexes or proteinates are the organic form of Cu and are usually considered for use in animal diet as alternatives to inorganic Cu source. More bioavailability of Cu is probably due to better absorption, which enhances its efficiency (Downs et al., 2000; Yu et al., 2000; Guo et al., 2001). Baker and Ammerman (1995) reported that relative bioavailability estimate of organic Cu sources ranged from 88% to 147% of the response to cupric sulfate in poultry, Swine, sheep and cattle. Improvements in the digestibility of proteins (Braude, 1965; Castell and Bowland, 1968) and retention of nitrogen (Braude, 1965) have been reported in young pigs fed diet containing added Cu. Studies by Dove and Haydon (1992) and Dove (1995) have indicated that addition of 250 mg Cu/kg improved digestibility and utilization of the fat of weaned pigs, but results have limited and inconclusive for chickens when Cu added to the feed fortified with oil. To increase the energy level in the finisher diet and to obtain higher weight of a broiler chicken, oil and fat are used because of its high energy content. Soybean oil which stimulates growth rate, when included in poultry diet (Nitsan et al., 1997) is most commonly used oil source in Indian condition. Unsaturated vegetable fats (like soybean oil) are more energetic than saturated animal fat. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the influence of level of dietary inorganic and organic forms of Cu and energy level on performance and nutrient utilization of broiler chicken.
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Epidemiological studies in the United States (US), Europe, Australia, and Africa have documented standardized incidence ratios (SIR) of AIDS related and non-AIDS related cancers using data from linked Cancer and AIDS registries (4-13). In a population-based registry linkage in New York State, Gallagher et al. (10) reported significant SIR for KS, NHL, invasive cervical cancer, and several non-AIDS related cancers affecting the tongue, mouth, rectum, anus, trachea, bronchus, and lung. In Italy, Dal Maso, Serraino and Franceschi (7) reported a SIR of 302 (95% CI, 253-357) for NHL in AIDS patients. In a linkage of AIDS and cancer registries from 11 US regions, Engels et al. (4) reported important declines in KS and NHL after the introduction of HAART in people with AIDS, no change in cervical cancer, and increased risk of non-AIDS related cancers, particularly Hodgkin lymphoma, anus, liver, and lung cancer. An AIDS-Cancer linkage was also conducted in Africa, where the incidence of all AIDS related cancers and some non-AIDS related cancers (Hodgkin lymphoma, conjunctiva, kidney, thyroid, and uterus) were found to be higher among people with AIDS (9). In a more recent prospective cohort study, Patel et al. (5) also reported a reduction in AIDS related malignancies except for cervical cancer, and a significant increase risk of non-AIDS related malignancies in a cohort of adults living with HIV compared to the general population in the US. The most important types of non-AIDS related malignancies were: anal, vaginal, Hodgkin lymphoma, liver, lung, melanoma, oropharyngeal, leukemia, colorectal and renal. These results suggest that the incidence of non-AIDS related cancers has increased more than the incidence of AIDS related cancers, and that the influence of HAART in the development and prognosis of various cancers is still not clear. Biological, environmental and behavioral risk factors must also be explored to better define the long-term cancer risk in people living with HIV/AIDS (14). Puerto Rico (PR) is one of the top ten US States and territories with the highest cumulative number of AIDS cases, and Puerto Ricans are the second largest group of Hispanics in the US with higher cancer mortality rates (15-16). However, little information is available regarding AIDS related and non-AIDS related malignancies among Hispanics with HIV/ AIDS in the US or PR. In one retrospective cohort study in Southern California, Levine et al. (17) reported that from 1982 to 1998 the prevalence of AIDS-related lymphoma decreased significantly in whites but increased in Hispanics. In another study, Fordyce et al. (18) conducted a population-based AIDS-Cancer linkage analysis of women from New York City diagnosed with AIDS between 1981 and 1994, and reported that 47% of all cancer cases were among African Americans, 36% among Hispanics, and 16% among non-Hispanic whites. Mayor et al. (19) conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 3,576 HIV/AIDS patients attending an outpatient clinic in PR from 1992 to 2005. Of these patients, 171 (4.8%) were diagnosed with cancer at some point in their lives: 51.5% AIDS related and 48.5% non-AIDS related cancers. Because no population-based studies have been conducted in PR, the risk of AIDS related and non-AIDS related cancers in PR compared to the general population is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to estimate the risk of AIDS related and non-AIDS related cancers among Hispanics with AIDS in PR using the Puerto Rico Central Cancer Registry and the Puerto Rico AIDS Surveillance Program Registry. Both are population-based registries that receive support from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We hypothesized that the risk of all AIDS related cancers and the risk of many non-AIDS related cancers will be higher in the AIDS group compared with the general population in PR. The results of this study will provide the basis for future epidemiological studies to characterize the natural history of specific cancers in HIV infection and other important biological, environmental, and behavioral risk factors.
Women in Kenya remain disadvantaged, with opportunities for educational, social, and economic advancement inferior to those of men. Women are underrepresented in modern sector wage employment, political and judicial decision making, and all major public service appointments. Numerous social, economic, and cultural barriers limit womens participation in these areas. But womens underrepresentation in education is a primary factor. The benefits of womens education to women and to society in general are immense. In the workplace, education increases skills needed for job entry, improves chances of vertical mobility, and enhances overall labor market productivity. It also has positive consequences at home, including improved health, increased child survival rates, reduced fertility rates, lower infant mortality rates, and better protection against HIV and AIDS (Tembon and Fort 2008). Education of women and girls is therefore not only a moral and human rights issue, but also an economic and development issue. Given the significant benefits of womens education, equity in education is essential to improving circumstances for all Kenyans. As the leading provider of education, the government should acknowledge that compensatory mechanisms may be required to level the playing field for disadvantaged girls, and it should adopt an approach that uses these mechanisms. Making education equitable means adopting policies and initiatives that support equal provisions across genders. Female Education in Kenya Education in Kenya has four basic levels: preschool (ages 4-6), primary (ages 7-14), secondary (ages 15-18), and tertiary. Since attaining political independence from Great Britain in 1963, the Kenyan government has emphasized educations importance to economic development. It has also increased the number of schools at all levels, from about six thousand primary and 150 secondary schools in 1963 to almost twenty thousand primary and four thousand secondary schools in 2004. As a result, the student population has increased substantially, with over 700 percent growth at the primary level and almost 3,000 percent growth at the secondary level (Ministry of Education 2007). But this total expansion in education hides disparities by gender and region.
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Economic theory provides different methods to assess the economic impact of a health condition, as is cancer. The Cost of Illness (COI), developed by Rice (3-6), is the most widely accepted conceptual framework for cost estimates. COI estimates involve three components: direct costs, morbidity costs and mortality costs. Within this framework, several studies with different approaches have been conducted to determine the economic burden of different diseases (7-17). These studies have concluded that the component with the greatest impact lies in the productivity cost, even more than the costs for medical treatment of patients. For example, the National Institutes of Health(18) estimated the cost of illness for different causes of death in United States (US) for 2007. This study estimated the overall cost of cancer at $219.2 billion, of which, $89 billion correspond to direct costs of health expenditure, $18.2 billion in morbidity costs and $112.0 billion in mortality costs (representing more than 52% of total costs). Others studies of the economic burden of cancer in California (14-15) have concluded that the premature mortality cost of breast cancer is 80% of the total costs of the disease. Also, mortality costs of gynecological cancers like ovarian and cervical cancer represent more than 65% of total cost of these cancers. This pattern has also been observed in the state of Texas and in Sweden, Canada, and Spain (10-11, 17, 19-20). Other studies (20-25) have focused on estimating the productivity cost due to cancer mortality. Although these studies show some discrepancies in their methodology, data sources, and the inclusion of indirect costs components, such variations are not necessarily a weakness. Different arenas of application require different approaches and schemes (e.g., economic burden estimates vs. cost-effectiveness analysis) (4-5, 26). From a societal perspective, estimates of the value of labor productivity loss due to premature mortality are important in determining the economic burden of disease. Previous studies in PR have used the COI approach to estimate the cost of AIDS, schizophrenia and traffic accidents (7, 27-28). For example, cumulative total cost of AIDS in PR from period of 19821989 was estimated to be $ 525.2 million (27). Despite the importance of evaluating the economic impact of cancer in PR, there are no previous studies that have used the COI approach to investigate this issue. In fact, this economic component has been overlooked in cancer investigations in PR. Although the value of a persons life transcends its economic value as a productive unit, cost studies present another dimension of a health problem, providing valuable information for society and for policymakers to decide how to allocate scarce resources more optimally (27). Consequently, the aim of this study is to estimate the labor-market productivity loss in PR, as a result of premature mortality, due to overall cancer and by cause-specific cancers in 2004.
More than 100 HPV types have been identified with more than 30 being sexually transmitted (7). Anogenital HPV types have been classified into low-risk types (non-oncogenic), which are associated with anogenital warts (condyloma acuminata), oral and conjunctival papillomas, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (in infants and young children), and mild dysplasia (8). High-risk types (oncogenic) are associated with high-grade dysplasia and various cancers. Current estimates of the attributable fraction, the proportion of cancer cases preventable by the elimination of HPV, are very high (9): 100% for cervical, 90% for anal, 40% for vulvar and vaginal, 50% for cancer of the penis, and between 33 and 72% of oropharyngeal cancers (10). Although there has been increasing interest in understanding the burden of HPV infection and related comorbidities in men (11), studies in this group are still quite limited (12), particularly among Hispanics. Research and surveillance data have indicated that Hispanics have been disproportionately affected by HIV/ AIDS (13), Other STIs (14) and may engage disproportionately in high-risk sexual behaviors (15). In addition, a higher incidence of cervical cancer is observed in Puerto Rico and Hispanic women in the US compared with non-Hispanic whites (Figure 1). These factors could reflect a potential higher prevalence of HPV infection in these populations, as well as disparities in screening rates in these groups (16) suggesting that Hispanic and Puerto Rican men might also be at higher risk for HPV infection and related health outcomes. This high incidence might also lead to a significant economic burden. In Puerto Rico for example, it was estimated that the economic impact of HPV related cancers in 2004 was approximately 7.5% (close to 5 million dollars) of the total cancer costs (17). Even though HPV infection is highly prevalent in sexually active men, (18), most research studies have focused only in women. Studies in men are of particular relevance because, as with other STIs, men play a key role in the transmission dynamics to both male and female sexual partners. It is also clear that HPV infection in men is a serious clinical issue, given the association of HPV infection with a variety of cancers in men, including anal cancer and a subset of penile and oral cancers (19). With the world-wide introduction of two new prophylactic vaccines (bivalent vaccine protecting against HPV 16 and 18, and the quadrivalent vaccine protecting against HPV 16, 18, 6 and 11) against oncogenic HPVs causing cervical cancer in women (20), and the recent FDA approval of the quadrivalent vaccine to prevent genital warts also in men, there is an urgency to determine the burden of HPV in Hispanic populations before vaccination programs are implemented on a widespread basis. Knowledge of the burden of the disease and its related morbidities prior to implementation of these programs will allow a better assessment and understanding of the short-term and long-term effectiveness of this primary prevention strategy for cervical neoplasia and genital warts. In addition, it will permit exploring the prevalence of type-specific HPVs in these populations, not currently included in the HPV vaccines available in the market.
Approximately 5.5 million workers are exposed to drugs and hazardous materials in Puerto Rico and in the United States (1-2). In 2005, Puerto Rico generated 22.6 million pounds of solid waste including biomedical waste and carcinogens (3-4). Some companies that manage this type of waste face ethical and financial dilemmas and, on occasion, choose to inappropriately dispose of hazardous waste. The cost of disposing a pound of hazardous waste is approximately $2.00 when it is incinerated by a company that has an incinerator certified by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA); but it would only cost $0.35 in a non-certified facility (5). In 2007, a company in Puerto Rico inappropriately disposed of some biomedical waste and polluted an area of Caguas. To remedy the situation, the Environmental Quality Board hired Western Medical to appropriately dispose of this waste at a cost of approximately $3.2 million (6). This situation stresses the importance of properly disposing toxic waste. The objective of this paper is to review the regulations and evidence-based recommendations for the appropriate disposal of antineoplastic medications and to update the reader on this important issue. Regulations and recommendations
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Economic theory provides different methods to assess the economic impact of a health condition, as is cancer. The Cost of Illness (COI), developed by Rice (3-6), is the most widely accepted conceptual framework for cost estimates. COI estimates involve three components: direct costs, morbidity costs and mortality costs. Within this framework, several studies with different approaches have been conducted to determine the economic burden of different diseases (7-17). These studies have concluded that the component with the greatest impact lies in the productivity cost, even more than the costs for medical treatment of patients. For example, the National Institutes of Health(18) estimated the cost of illness for different causes of death in United States (US) for 2007. This study estimated the overall cost of cancer at $219.2 billion, of which, $89 billion correspond to direct costs of health expenditure, $18.2 billion in morbidity costs and $112.0 billion in mortality costs (representing more than 52% of total costs). Others studies of the economic burden of cancer in California (14-15) have concluded that the premature mortality cost of breast cancer is 80% of the total costs of the disease. Also, mortality costs of gynecological cancers like ovarian and cervical cancer represent more than 65% of total cost of these cancers. This pattern has also been observed in the state of Texas and in Sweden, Canada, and Spain (10-11, 17, 19-20). Other studies (20-25) have focused on estimating the productivity cost due to cancer mortality. Although these studies show some discrepancies in their methodology, data sources, and the inclusion of indirect costs components, such variations are not necessarily a weakness. Different arenas of application require different approaches and schemes (e.g., economic burden estimates vs. cost-effectiveness analysis) (4-5, 26). From a societal perspective, estimates of the value of labor productivity loss due to premature mortality are important in determining the economic burden of disease. Previous studies in PR have used the COI approach to estimate the cost of AIDS, schizophrenia and traffic accidents (7, 27-28). For example, cumulative total cost of AIDS in PR from period of 19821989 was estimated to be $ 525.2 million (27). Despite the importance of evaluating the economic impact of cancer in PR, there are no previous studies that have used the COI approach to investigate this issue. In fact, this economic component has been overlooked in cancer investigations in PR. Although the value of a persons life transcends its economic value as a productive unit, cost studies present another dimension of a health problem, providing valuable information for society and for policymakers to decide how to allocate scarce resources more optimally (27). Consequently, the aim of this study is to estimate the labor-market productivity loss in PR, as a result of premature mortality, due to overall cancer and by cause-specific cancers in 2004.
Approximately 5.5 million workers are exposed to drugs and hazardous materials in Puerto Rico and in the United States (1-2). In 2005, Puerto Rico generated 22.6 million pounds of solid waste including biomedical waste and carcinogens (3-4). Some companies that manage this type of waste face ethical and financial dilemmas and, on occasion, choose to inappropriately dispose of hazardous waste. The cost of disposing a pound of hazardous waste is approximately $2.00 when it is incinerated by a company that has an incinerator certified by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA); but it would only cost $0.35 in a non-certified facility (5). In 2007, a company in Puerto Rico inappropriately disposed of some biomedical waste and polluted an area of Caguas. To remedy the situation, the Environmental Quality Board hired Western Medical to appropriately dispose of this waste at a cost of approximately $3.2 million (6). This situation stresses the importance of properly disposing toxic waste. The objective of this paper is to review the regulations and evidence-based recommendations for the appropriate disposal of antineoplastic medications and to update the reader on this important issue. Regulations and recommendations
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In August 2004, the Law #230, approved by the Government of Puerto Rico in a three party resolution, created the University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center (UPRCCC), a public corporation affiliated to the University of Puerto Rico. This law established that this Center will be the organism responsible for executing the public policy related to the prevention, education, and research, as well as the clinical and treatment services related to cancer in Puerto Rico. The dual mission of the UPRCCC is: (1) To deliver the best research-driven cancer care through programs that integrate patient care, research, prevention, and education, and (2) To eradicate cancer in Puerto Rico using a multidisciplinary approach of basic, clinical, and population research. Thus, the UPRCCC is fundamental for the development of cancer control, research, and training efforts in Puerto Rico. More recently, in 2008, with funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Puerto Rico published its first official Cancer Control Plan, a structured guide with measurable outcomes aimed at reducing the cancer burden in our population. All of the previously mentioned initiatives will continue to be key to the progress in cancer control and research in Puerto Rico and thus, to the quality of the preventive and treatment services that we will offer to our patients. The increase in the cancer burden in Puerto Rico has been accompanied by a substantial increase in the volume of published research and federal funds to academic institutions in Puerto Rico for cancer research. Despite this advancement, areas that need our continued support and development in the years to come include: 1) continued surveillance of cancer occurrence in Puerto Rico through the Puerto Rico Central Cancer Registry, 2) development of transdisciplinary and translational cancer research that encompass all areas of the cancer control continuum (prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment, survivorship), 3) outreach efforts that bring scientific knowledge to the development of targeted cancer control strategies for the community, 4) development of sound cancer-related public policy, and 5) continued training of the next generation of cancer researchers and health professionals. Our ability to collaborate in multidisciplinary local and international teams will be essential to our success. The forthcoming issue of the Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal provides an informative summary of various research studies that are currently being conducted in Puerto Rico. The 17 articles in this issue describe diverse research areas in the cancer field including disease burden, disease prevention, correlates of cancer occurrence, diagnostic technologies and clinical management. In addition, an overview of cancer training efforts in the island is discussed. Our future as a healthy nation will require a concerted effort between government, academia and industry that lead the research, training, and public policy efforts that will ultimately result in improved cancer prevention and control outcomes for the people of Puerto Rico. We hope you find in this edition of the journal a well-rounded overview of cancer research in Puerto Rico.
In August 2004, the Law #230, approved by the Government of Puerto Rico in a three party resolution, created the University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center (UPRCCC), a public corporation affiliated to the University of Puerto Rico. This law established that this Center will be the organism responsible for executing the public policy related to the prevention, education, and research, as well as the clinical and treatment services related to cancer in Puerto Rico. The dual mission of the UPRCCC is: (1) To deliver the best research-driven cancer care through programs that integrate patient care, research, prevention, and education, and (2) To eradicate cancer in Puerto Rico using a multidisciplinary approach of basic, clinical, and population research. Thus, the UPRCCC is fundamental for the development of cancer control, research, and training efforts in Puerto Rico. More recently, in 2008, with funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Puerto Rico published its first official Cancer Control Plan, a structured guide with measurable outcomes aimed at reducing the cancer burden in our population. All of the previously mentioned initiatives will continue to be key to the progress in cancer control and research in Puerto Rico and thus, to the quality of the preventive and treatment services that we will offer to our patients. The increase in the cancer burden in Puerto Rico has been accompanied by a substantial increase in the volume of published research and federal funds to academic institutions in Puerto Rico for cancer research. Despite this advancement, areas that need our continued support and development in the years to come include: 1) continued surveillance of cancer occurrence in Puerto Rico through the Puerto Rico Central Cancer Registry, 2) development of transdisciplinary and translational cancer research that encompass all areas of the cancer control continuum (prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment, survivorship), 3) outreach efforts that bring scientific knowledge to the development of targeted cancer control strategies for the community, 4) development of sound cancer-related public policy, and 5) continued training of the next generation of cancer researchers and health professionals. Our ability to collaborate in multidisciplinary local and international teams will be essential to our success. The forthcoming issue of the Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal provides an informative summary of various research studies that are currently being conducted in Puerto Rico. The 17 articles in this issue describe diverse research areas in the cancer field including disease burden, disease prevention, correlates of cancer occurrence, diagnostic technologies and clinical management. In addition, an overview of cancer training efforts in the island is discussed. Our future as a healthy nation will require a concerted effort between government, academia and industry that lead the research, training, and public policy efforts that will ultimately result in improved cancer prevention and control outcomes for the people of Puerto Rico. We hope you find in this edition of the journal a well-rounded overview of cancer research in Puerto Rico.
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Motor vehicle versus pedestrian crashes are a leading cause of injury and death among children. Because attending school is a major focal point of a childs daily activity, many pedestrian-related injuries among children occur on the way to or from school. Research on this topic has shown a number of factors to be related to motor vehicle versus pedestrian crashes, some of which include: school travel times, season, neighborhood characteristics and the number of schools in the area. School zones have been created in many areas, aimed to reduce the risk of pedestrian-related injuries to children and are meant to be safe places for children to walk during school travel times. However, the question remains as to how effective these zones are and if more should be done to protect our youth. Our study used pedestrian collision data from the City of Torontos Traffic Data Centre and Safety Bureau. The study included all police-reported motor vehicle collisions involving pedestrians with a recorded age less than 18 years that occurred in Toronto, Canada between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2005. The Toronto District School Board (TDSB) provided a list of all 1,050 schools registered in Metropolitan Toronto. School zones, established by the Toronto Transport Operations, are defined as a 150-meter radius around a school. For the purpose of this study, additional zones were designated around schools at increasing distances of 150, 150-300, 300-450 and 450 meters. Frequency of vehicle-pedestrian collisions around schools in each zone was determined. We found that there were a total of 2,717 collisions in Toronto between 2000 and 2005 that involved children under the age of 18. The largest proportion of collisions was in the 10-14 year age group (37%). Almost 50% of collisions occurred during the hours defined as school travel times (7-9 am, 12-1 pm, and 3-5pm). When considering the rate per hour, there was 3.3 times greater rate of injury during school travel time. Furthermore, higher numbers of child pedestrian collisions occurred during the school year (from September to June), with a drop in the summer (July and August). School zones were found to be less than 10% of the surface area of the city, but had a much higher risk of child pedestrian collisions than other areas. The absolute density of injuries (collisions divided by units of area [m2]) and fatalities (fatalities dived by units of area [m2]) were 5.7 and 9.4 times higher in the school zones as compared to the largest zone (450m or more away from the school).
Motor vehicle versus pedestrian crashes are a leading cause of injury and death among children. Because attending school is a major focal point of a childs daily activity, many pedestrian-related injuries among children occur on the way to or from school. Research on this topic has shown a number of factors to be related to motor vehicle versus pedestrian crashes, some of which include: school travel times, season, neighborhood characteristics and the number of schools in the area. School zones have been created in many areas, aimed to reduce the risk of pedestrian-related injuries to children and are meant to be safe places for children to walk during school travel times. However, the question remains as to how effective these zones are and if more should be done to protect our youth. Our study used pedestrian collision data from the City of Torontos Traffic Data Centre and Safety Bureau. The study included all police-reported motor vehicle collisions involving pedestrians with a recorded age less than 18 years that occurred in Toronto, Canada between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2005. The Toronto District School Board (TDSB) provided a list of all 1,050 schools registered in Metropolitan Toronto. School zones, established by the Toronto Transport Operations, are defined as a 150-meter radius around a school. For the purpose of this study, additional zones were designated around schools at increasing distances of 150, 150-300, 300-450 and 450 meters. Frequency of vehicle-pedestrian collisions around schools in each zone was determined. We found that there were a total of 2,717 collisions in Toronto between 2000 and 2005 that involved children under the age of 18. The largest proportion of collisions was in the 10-14 year age group (37%). Almost 50% of collisions occurred during the hours defined as school travel times (7-9 am, 12-1 pm, and 3-5pm). When considering the rate per hour, there was 3.3 times greater rate of injury during school travel time. Furthermore, higher numbers of child pedestrian collisions occurred during the school year (from September to June), with a drop in the summer (July and August). School zones were found to be less than 10% of the surface area of the city, but had a much higher risk of child pedestrian collisions than other areas. The absolute density of injuries (collisions divided by units of area [m2]) and fatalities (fatalities dived by units of area [m2]) were 5.7 and 9.4 times higher in the school zones as compared to the largest zone (450m or more away from the school).
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The main goal of the Training Program is to increase the number of Hispanic students knowledgeable and committed to careers in cancer research and cancer medicine. The specific objectives are to prepare Hispanic students to pursue careers in cancer research, cancer medicine, and population sciences and to establish a Career Development Program for clinical and basic scientist faculty at the Comprehensive Cancer Center of the University of Puerto Rico (UPRCCC). The Training Program includes a series of didactic and research experiences, and enrichment activities that include on-campus cancer research at the UPR campuses during the academic year, and summer research and year-round rotations to MDACC. These experiences are complemented and supported by a structured Mentoring Program for students and junior investigators. The mentors are well recognized senior Faculty, mostly from MDACC. Training Opportunities Various research programs are available in UPR and MDACC, all sponsored by the U54 Training Program. In the UPR there is Research Assistantships Stipends Program for Undergraduate and Graduate Students. Students have the opportunity of working in cancer research projects under the guidance of Faculty in mid to senior stages of their academic careers. Most of these scientists are re-gearing their careers to Cancer Research. The students are also required to attend Seminars and Workshops offered through the academic year, mostly offered by visiting world-renowned scientists.
The main goal of the Training Program is to increase the number of Hispanic students knowledgeable and committed to careers in cancer research and cancer medicine. The specific objectives are to prepare Hispanic students to pursue careers in cancer research, cancer medicine, and population sciences and to establish a Career Development Program for clinical and basic scientist faculty at the Comprehensive Cancer Center of the University of Puerto Rico (UPRCCC). The Training Program includes a series of didactic and research experiences, and enrichment activities that include on-campus cancer research at the UPR campuses during the academic year, and summer research and year-round rotations to MDACC. These experiences are complemented and supported by a structured Mentoring Program for students and junior investigators. The mentors are well recognized senior Faculty, mostly from MDACC. Training Opportunities Various research programs are available in UPR and MDACC, all sponsored by the U54 Training Program. In the UPR there is Research Assistantships Stipends Program for Undergraduate and Graduate Students. Students have the opportunity of working in cancer research projects under the guidance of Faculty in mid to senior stages of their academic careers. Most of these scientists are re-gearing their careers to Cancer Research. The students are also required to attend Seminars and Workshops offered through the academic year, mostly offered by visiting world-renowned scientists.
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Statistics of Income (SOI) data are available in electronic formats and in print. For further information on any of the following products and services, or for answers to questions on the availability of SOI data, other statistical services, or release dates for data, contact SOIs Statistical Information Services (SIS):
Statistics of Income (SOI) data are available in electronic formats and in print. For further information on any of the following products and services, or for answers to questions on the availability of SOI data, other statistical services, or release dates for data, contact SOIs Statistical Information Services (SIS):
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In August 2004, the Law #230, approved by the Government of Puerto Rico in a three party resolution, created the University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center (UPRCCC), a public corporation affiliated to the University of Puerto Rico. This law established that this Center will be the organism responsible for executing the public policy related to the prevention, education, and research, as well as the clinical and treatment services related to cancer in Puerto Rico. The dual mission of the UPRCCC is: (1) To deliver the best research-driven cancer care through programs that integrate patient care, research, prevention, and education, and (2) To eradicate cancer in Puerto Rico using a multidisciplinary approach of basic, clinical, and population research. Thus, the UPRCCC is fundamental for the development of cancer control, research, and training efforts in Puerto Rico. More recently, in 2008, with funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Puerto Rico published its first official Cancer Control Plan, a structured guide with measurable outcomes aimed at reducing the cancer burden in our population. All of the previously mentioned initiatives will continue to be key to the progress in cancer control and research in Puerto Rico and thus, to the quality of the preventive and treatment services that we will offer to our patients. The increase in the cancer burden in Puerto Rico has been accompanied by a substantial increase in the volume of published research and federal funds to academic institutions in Puerto Rico for cancer research. Despite this advancement, areas that need our continued support and development in the years to come include: 1) continued surveillance of cancer occurrence in Puerto Rico through the Puerto Rico Central Cancer Registry, 2) development of transdisciplinary and translational cancer research that encompass all areas of the cancer control continuum (prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment, survivorship), 3) outreach efforts that bring scientific knowledge to the development of targeted cancer control strategies for the community, 4) development of sound cancer-related public policy, and 5) continued training of the next generation of cancer researchers and health professionals. Our ability to collaborate in multidisciplinary local and international teams will be essential to our success. The forthcoming issue of the Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal provides an informative summary of various research studies that are currently being conducted in Puerto Rico. The 17 articles in this issue describe diverse research areas in the cancer field including disease burden, disease prevention, correlates of cancer occurrence, diagnostic technologies and clinical management. In addition, an overview of cancer training efforts in the island is discussed. Our future as a healthy nation will require a concerted effort between government, academia and industry that lead the research, training, and public policy efforts that will ultimately result in improved cancer prevention and control outcomes for the people of Puerto Rico. We hope you find in this edition of the journal a well-rounded overview of cancer research in Puerto Rico.
The main goal of the Training Program is to increase the number of Hispanic students knowledgeable and committed to careers in cancer research and cancer medicine. The specific objectives are to prepare Hispanic students to pursue careers in cancer research, cancer medicine, and population sciences and to establish a Career Development Program for clinical and basic scientist faculty at the Comprehensive Cancer Center of the University of Puerto Rico (UPRCCC). The Training Program includes a series of didactic and research experiences, and enrichment activities that include on-campus cancer research at the UPR campuses during the academic year, and summer research and year-round rotations to MDACC. These experiences are complemented and supported by a structured Mentoring Program for students and junior investigators. The mentors are well recognized senior Faculty, mostly from MDACC. Training Opportunities Various research programs are available in UPR and MDACC, all sponsored by the U54 Training Program. In the UPR there is Research Assistantships Stipends Program for Undergraduate and Graduate Students. Students have the opportunity of working in cancer research projects under the guidance of Faculty in mid to senior stages of their academic careers. Most of these scientists are re-gearing their careers to Cancer Research. The students are also required to attend Seminars and Workshops offered through the academic year, mostly offered by visiting world-renowned scientists.
Economic theory provides different methods to assess the economic impact of a health condition, as is cancer. The Cost of Illness (COI), developed by Rice (3-6), is the most widely accepted conceptual framework for cost estimates. COI estimates involve three components: direct costs, morbidity costs and mortality costs. Within this framework, several studies with different approaches have been conducted to determine the economic burden of different diseases (7-17). These studies have concluded that the component with the greatest impact lies in the productivity cost, even more than the costs for medical treatment of patients. For example, the National Institutes of Health(18) estimated the cost of illness for different causes of death in United States (US) for 2007. This study estimated the overall cost of cancer at $219.2 billion, of which, $89 billion correspond to direct costs of health expenditure, $18.2 billion in morbidity costs and $112.0 billion in mortality costs (representing more than 52% of total costs). Others studies of the economic burden of cancer in California (14-15) have concluded that the premature mortality cost of breast cancer is 80% of the total costs of the disease. Also, mortality costs of gynecological cancers like ovarian and cervical cancer represent more than 65% of total cost of these cancers. This pattern has also been observed in the state of Texas and in Sweden, Canada, and Spain (10-11, 17, 19-20). Other studies (20-25) have focused on estimating the productivity cost due to cancer mortality. Although these studies show some discrepancies in their methodology, data sources, and the inclusion of indirect costs components, such variations are not necessarily a weakness. Different arenas of application require different approaches and schemes (e.g., economic burden estimates vs. cost-effectiveness analysis) (4-5, 26). From a societal perspective, estimates of the value of labor productivity loss due to premature mortality are important in determining the economic burden of disease. Previous studies in PR have used the COI approach to estimate the cost of AIDS, schizophrenia and traffic accidents (7, 27-28). For example, cumulative total cost of AIDS in PR from period of 19821989 was estimated to be $ 525.2 million (27). Despite the importance of evaluating the economic impact of cancer in PR, there are no previous studies that have used the COI approach to investigate this issue. In fact, this economic component has been overlooked in cancer investigations in PR. Although the value of a persons life transcends its economic value as a productive unit, cost studies present another dimension of a health problem, providing valuable information for society and for policymakers to decide how to allocate scarce resources more optimally (27). Consequently, the aim of this study is to estimate the labor-market productivity loss in PR, as a result of premature mortality, due to overall cancer and by cause-specific cancers in 2004.
September 1, 2010
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When I was a child, I had a large stuffed buffalo. At night, Id imagine myself a big game hunter on the old frontier. By rubbing my hair on the fur, I generated enough static electricity to cause a spark to jump between my hand (in the shape of a gun, naturally) and the buffalos skin. I loved that stuffed animal, and the agony I felt when my mother finally deemed Id outgrown him and threw him in the Dumpster is palpable enough to make a nearly 40-year-old man shed a tear. We all have similar “Velveteen Rabbit? stories – stories about toys that were given life by our play, stories of toys that did not simply serve the utilitarian function of keeping us distracted for a couple of hours but rather were our friends. It is this nostalgic touchstone that “Toy Story 3? distills so magnificently, delivering an emotional sucker punch that will knock adults back on their heels and reinforce in kids what they already know: Toys can be every bit as real as their flesh-and-blood playmates. Andy is all grown up and about to leave for college. In the corner of his room is his chest full of toys. He hasnt played with cowboy Woody (Tom Hanks), spaceman Buzz Lightyear (Tim Allen), Jesse (Joan Cusack), Mr. and Mrs. Potato Head (Don Rickles, Estelle Harris) or Rex (Wallace Shawn) in years, and now must decide which toys he wants to take along to school with him, which ones he wants to stash in the attic, and which to simply throw out.
[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED]
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AGOURA HILLS, Calif. — ISWest,
which provides environmentally
controlled facilities for computer equipment and high
speed internet connectivity, was named in Inc. magazine’s
Inc. 5000, an exclusive ranking of the nations fastest-growing private
companies. Named for the second year in Inc.’s fourth annual
list, ISWest has grown steadily since its founding in 1996.
“We are fortunate that through this recession, we continue to attract
customers to our state of the art facilities,” says ISWest CEO and CTO
Bob Johnson, who has designed voice and data facilities in the U.S. and
abroad. “We have found that many of our customers who rely on computer
equipment, the internet and voice communications, have outsourced their
mission critical tasks to us, which allows them to focus on their core
business.”
The Inc. list features 5000 of the nation’s fastest-growing
private companies that span many industries. “The leaders of the
companies on this year’s Inc. 5000 have figured out how to grow
their businesses during the longest recession since the Great
Depression,” said Inc. president Bob LaPointe. “The 2010 Inc.
5000 showcases a particularly hardy group of entrepreneurs.”
ISWest’s services include colocation
which houses equipment in environmentally controlled facilities with
redundant power, bandwidth and security; internet connectivity
with T1 and DSL lines; security
including firewalls, VPN and content filtering; and managed
services including VoIP, email, spam filtering and web hosting.
ISWest is also the recipient of the Los Angeles Business Journal’s
4th largest business Internet service provider, the 21st
fastest-growing technology company and the 23rd
fastest-growing privately held company; the San Fernando Valley
Business Journal’s top 16 telecommunications companies and the 50
fastest private growing companies; and Deloitte’s 16th
fastest-growing technology company in Los Angeles.
Dear Tom and Ray: I purchased a new 2010 VW CC, and the car has 5,000 miles on it. During a long weekend, I left the car unused for four days, and the battery died. There were no lights on or external power drains. On Tuesday, I went to the dealer where I purchased the car and was told, “There is nothing wrong with the car — they just do that because there is a lot of power drain due to the computer.” I called another VW dealer and was given a similar answer. My question is, How can a car company design a car with a battery that lasts only four days? Shouldnt a car be able to sit for more than four days without the battery dying? Thanks. — Tim Tom: Yes, it should. In fact, VW itself says the car should be good for 30 days without a problem. So I think you have every right to go back to your dealer and ask him to investigate further. Ray: In our experience, most cars can sit for about two weeks these days before the battery is too weak to start the car. Tom: Why is that? Well, there are certain electronic components that continue to run even when your car is turned off. There usually is an alarm system, and there is the evaporative emissions system, which needs to cycle whether the car is running or not. Normally, there is enough juice in the battery to keep that up for a couple of weeks, unless it is extraordinarily cold outside.
Abbreviations The guidelines for application of diagnostic imaging, and MRI in particular, to breast cancer patient evaluation and management continue to evolve, and some are articulated by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN; 1). Currently, the breast cancer patient populations who might benefit most from pre-operative MRI include genetically-defined high-risk patients, those with dense breasts as determined by mammography, those with a lobular invasive cancer, a multi-centric tumor or a previously-diagnosed bilateral tumor, those with significant distinctions in size between mammography and ultrasound (US) findings, or those for whom partial breast irradiation or other breast conserving therapy is being considered (2-5). Despite this extensive experience, considerable controversies exist as to the true benefits of the application of MRI to treatment management. A retrospective review of patients with newly diagnosed breast carcinoma who had MRIs prior to surgery noted 381 lesions in 361 patients with pathologic confirmation of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive carcinoma, or mixed DCIS and invasive carcinoma (6). Of these lesions, 16.8% were DCIS, 26.5% were invasive carcinoma, and 56.7% were mixed. An MRI lesion correctly identified the histopathologically-defined cancer in 85.9% of DCIS cases, and to an even higher extent in invasive (97.0%) or mixed (98.1%) cases. DCIS often appears as non-mass clumped enhancement on MRI, with ductal or segmental distribution (7).
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A CASH-STRAPPED council in Wales has sanctioned pounds 190,000 to be spent on “essential” building work. OK, so that must mean updating a care home, or building classrooms or maybe a new clinic? Where do you start? But, no. Environmental bosses at the Rhondda Cynon Taf County Borough Council have insisted nearly pounds 200,000 is blown on three wire walkways across a new bypass. Not for local kids, mind you, but for dormice.
On March 2 of 2007, with the implementation of Law 66, Puerto Rico became a smoke-free island by completely banning indoor smoking in public places such as bars, pubs, casinos, hotels, work places with more than one employee, and cars with any passenger under the age of 13 . According to the literature, the immediate impact of smoke-free workplace policies has been to dramatically reduce the exposition to SHS for customers and workers (10-17). Many studies have used the level of respirable particulate matter ([PM.sub.2.5]) as the main indicator of exposure to SHS because it has been demonstrated that smoking is one of the main sources of indoor levels of [PM.sub.2.5] (10). For example, bars in the state of New York experienced an average reduction of 84% in their [PM.sub.2.5] levels after the Clean Indoor Air Act was implemented in July of 2003 (11). In the case of Austin, Texas, bars experienced a reduction from 71% to 99% in their [PM.sub.2.5] levels after a smoking ban was implemented (12). In another study (13), Irish-theme pubs around the globe located in countries or cities with smoke-free legislation were compared with similar pubs in places without smoke-free ordinances. In this case, the results showed an average 91% reduction in [PM.sub.2.5] levels. In March of 2006, a smoking ban was implemented in Scotland, which substantially covered enclosed places including pubs. Evidence shows that, as a result, Scottish pubs experienced an average of 86% reduction in [PM.sub.2.5] levels (14). In Italy, a year after the implementation of an all smoke-free workplace policy in January of 2005, there was an average of 68% reduction in [PM.sub.2.5] levels across bars, restaurants, game rooms, and pubs (15). The main claim of this study is that the smoke-free workplace policy implemented in March of 2007 was effective in reducing the exposure to SHS in restaurants, pubs, and discos in the metropolitan area of San Juan, Puerto Rico. The specific research objectives of the study were three. First, to measure and compare the restaurants, pubs, and discos in the metropolitan area of San Juan at baseline (before the smoke-free workplace policy was implemented) in terms of the levels of respirable particulate matter (PM), the number of smokers, the number of customers, and establishment area. Second, to measure the change in levels of PM, the number of smokers, and the number of customers before and after March 2007. And third, to measure the effect of the smoke-free workplace policy on the level of PM controlling for the number of customers and establishment area.
HES managed in six countries, including two spells with Real Madrid. Hes felt the wrath of angry supporters as well as the golden glow of success. Yet John Toshack, after 32 years in more hot seats than hed care to remember, will still look back on his time with Wales as the hottest of them all. “Its different to a club job but, yes, its been tough,” said the man who begins his final campaign, Euro 2112, in Montenegro next Friday night. “I knew it would be, thats why I insisted on five years rather than three when I got the job.”
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INTERNATIONAL outcast Paddy McCourt has been described as a luxury Northern Ireland cant afford – for the time being. The Celtic midfielder scored an eye-catching early contender for SPL goal of the season against Inverness on the opening day of the campaign and is one of very few players with genuine matchchanging flashes of genius available to Nigel Worthington. But the Northern Ireland boss has resisted the temptation of including the former Derry City man in his squad for next Fridays clash in Maribor. Worthington has never doubted McCourts ability with the ball at his feet, but he has asked the 26-year-old to show morecommitment when his side dont have the ball. “Do I think Paddy is a luxury player? I do. Ive been told he is a player with craft. If I had a player with craft plus graft, he would be one hell of a player,” insisted Worthington.
THE LAST EXORCISM 87mins, opens Friday, September 3 A preacher (Patrick Fabian) planning an expose on exorcism finds there is more than meets the eye when he exorcises 16-year-old Nell (Ashley Bell). Horror chills with dark laughs. CHERRY TREE LANE 77mins, opens Friday, September 3 Tense Brit horror-drama as a couple find their home invaded by three thugs searching for their teenage son.
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Forty-three individuals submitted video applications to the Public
Service Challenge; the three winners will each receive either a $10,000
scholarship or a charitable donation
MINNEAPOLIS — Every aspect of our community is connected—from health care, to public
safety, to government agencies, to volunteer organizations. Today,
collaboration is critical across the fields of public
service. Capella University, an accredited
online university* that has built its reputation by
providing high quality online
degree programs for working adults, is proud to honor three
individuals who exemplify this spirit through the Public
Service Challenge.
The three winners will each receive either a $10,000 scholarship to
Capella University; or a $10,000 charitable donation to an approved
organization of their choice. In addition, each will be invited to serve
on Capella’s Public Service Advisory Council, which helps shape
Capella’s educational offerings to best meet the needs of public service
professionals.
Jennifer Smith, an occupational therapist from Roberts, Wisconsin, is
currently pursuing a Doctor of Health Administration at Capella. She is
the creator of a partnership with three non-governmental organizations
(NGOs) that organizes service learning trips to provide medical and
therapy services to the people of Guatemala. The partnership also
provides funding and supplies for the NGOs. Jennifer will receive a
$10,000 scholarship to continue her education at Capella. Watch
Jennifer’s video
Shannon Staino, a resource development specialist from Cape May Court
House, New Jersey, is currently pursuing a Master of Public
Administration at Capella. She serves her community through her career
with Child Protective Services. She is also a first responder and a
dedicated volunteer and organizer of events and fundraisers for a
variety of causes, including pediatric cancer. Shannon will receive a
$10,000 scholarship to continue her education at Capella. Watch
Shannon’s video
Permanent Technologies, Inc. Chairman and co-founder Loren Ball
reveals Company growth strategies and future directions in the latest
CEOinsiderTV.com video interview
HUNTINGTON STATION, N.Y. — CEOinsiderTV.com announced today theyve just published an in-depth
video interview with Permanent Technologies, Inc. (Pink Sheets: PERT)
Chairman and co-founder Loren Ball.
In this exclusive interview Mr. Ball explains how TineLok, the Companys
innovative vibration-proof fastening system, could make everything from
consumer products and automobiles to jet planes and U.S. Navy
Hovercrafts:
BOYS as young as five can barely hold up the machine guns and pistols in their hands as they take aim at imaginary targets in the Pakistan desert. But this is no sick game, it is their first step along the way to becoming al-Qaeda terrorists as they are taught about military combat and how to launch suicide missions. At hidden camps terrorist chiefs also use toys to teach the boys how they can blow up buildings and mount roadside bomb attacks. One chilling image from a video filmed inside one camp shows children, barely old enough to be at school, crowding around a toy police car wired up to a bomb. And they all cheer as a baby-faced bomber presses a button on a mobile phone which blasts the car to pieces. Militants are training hundreds of youngsters to become killers in the camp based in North Waziristan. They are then battle- hardened on missions against coalition troops across the border in Afghanistan.
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FRANK LAMPARD and John Terry are out of Englands Euro 2012 qualifier against Bulgaria at Wembley on Friday night. Boss Fabio Capello could also be without Peter Crouch, Jermain Defoe, Bobby Zamora and David Stockdale. Chelsea midfielder Lampard will undergo an operation this week to combat a long-term hernia injury. Lampard missed a penalty as Chelsea beat Stoke 2-0 yesterday and Blues manager Carlo Ancelotti said: “He was in pain last week, but had treatment and felt it was OK to play today. It has not improved, and he has to have surgery. “This is something Frank had an operation on 10 years ago.
MERCEDES-BENZ has set tongues wagging and pulses racing as it unveiled the new CLS this week.
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HE may be pushing 80, but Ronnie Corbett is having the time of his life. And while the veteran comic has always been much loved, now he is positively cool. to a generation who werent even born when millions were glued to him and Ronnie Barker on The Two Ronnies every week. He and wife Anne were guests at the wedding of David Walliams and supermodel Lara Stone – and he counts among his friends Rob Brydon, James Corden, Ricky Gervais and Jonathan Ross. “It was a lovely day. The wedding was at Claridges and Rob and James were on our table with Barbara Windsor. We were invited to the party afterwards but we didnt go – it was a bit late for us,” he laughs. Ronnies new career was sparked when he appeared in Extras with Ricky and Little Britain with Walliams and Matt Lucas. Since then he has forged firm friendships with some of the edgier elements of the British comedy establishment. He calls them “The Boys”.
IRELANDS top wedding planner and Brides Of Franc star Peter Kelly has compiled his top recessionbusting wedding tips here for you. Hosting your wedding outside of traditional busy wedding times of the year can be the most important budgeting decision that you make at the outset. Most wedding suppliers will offer big reductions for traditional “off-peak” times of the year as well as midweek dates. With the Summer weather being less and less dependable brides should consider a Winter or Spring ceremony. Early December and early January can have all of the benefits of Christmas in terms of atmosphere and dcor while saving on the overall event. Your decision on the timing will also be reflected in the cost of your honeymoon so take your time over the decision. Give yourself plenty of time to shop around for everything from venues, suppliers to the smaller details such as accessories, to ensure that you get the very best value for your money and dont run out of time. Replace favours with a centrepiece that can be given as a gift to guests at the end of the evening. This will save you time and money as your centrepiece and favours will act as one. Try choosing a potted flower or plant that matches nicely with your wedding theme.
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Unlike traditional multi-product enterprise solutions, onQ is a simple, turnkey appliance that pre-integrates a number of sophisticated technologies — such as replication, deduplication, snapshots continual virtualization — into a single box. onQ automatically maintains and manages up-to-date virtual machine clones on a bare metal hypervisor to give companies high performance instant recovery in the event of a failure without requiring any additional hardware or software. onQ goes beyond off-site and on-line backup and makes complete business continuity easy and affordable — without the complexity, cost, or lengthy deployment projects required of traditional enterprise solutions.
“To provide an equivalent solution to what QuorumLabs has packaged into a single appliance requires a high level of engineering and an extended migration and integration project,” said Bob Boyer, chief marketing officer, Transcend United. “For small and mid-sized companies who need business continuity, this has been a barrier to deploying virtualization-based solutions since they dont have the in-house expertise or the time. Its a lot to tackle. Thats where onQ fits in: an easy to implement, easy to maintain and easy to test appliance.”
NEWS HIGHLIGHTS
WLS, a leading provider of cellular platforms to top tier global phone
makers, will operate as a standalone business serving its existing
customers. WLS will also contribute to Intel’s strategy to make
connected computing ubiquitous from smartphones to laptops to embedded
computing.
“The global demand for wireless solutions continues to grow at an
extraordinary rate,” said Paul Otellini, Intel president and CEO. “The
acquisition of Infineon’s WLS business strengthens the second pillar of
our computing strategy — Internet connectivity — and enables us to
offer a portfolio of products that covers the full range of wireless
options from Wi-Fi and 3G to WiMAX and LTE. As more devices compute and
connect to the Internet, we are committed to positioning Intel to take
advantage of the growth potential in every computing segment, from
laptops to handhelds and beyond.”
“The sale of WLS is a strategic decision to enhance Infineon’s value. We
can now fully concentrate our resources towards strong growth in our
core segments Automotive (ATV), Industrial Multimarket (IMM) and Chip
Card Security (CCS). This creates a great perspective for all Infineon
customers, employees and shareholders,” said Peter Bauer, CEO of
Infineon Technologies AG. “We all stand to benefit enormously from this
deal. Thanks to the outstanding effort of the employees and the
management during the last years, WLS is excellently positioned to grow
further with the new owner who is ideally suited for this business.”
THOUSANDS of women are flocking to Ann Summers to get their hands on Rampant Rabbit sex toys popularised by the Sex And The City TV show. The firm says its Irish business has risen 20 per cent since the start of the year – bucking the general recessionary trend as Irish couples scorn expensive nights out for intimate evenings of romance in the bedroom. Last year the firm said just under 400 women had signed up to flog the stores saucy products at kinky parties – a 15 per cent increase on 2008 which the store claimed was down to the need for a bit of extra cash.
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RIVERTON — At the construction site of the future Mountain View Corridor, Global Positioning System technology is navigating the navigators. Huge GPS devices have been attached to the equipment thats grading the road. The equipment operators push dirt at about 7-10 mph, while glancing down at computers inside their cabs that show their position in relation to where the future road will materialize. “It can tell him to go to the right or left,” said Randy Norton, survey manager for Copper Hills Constructors, the construction consortium thats building the future west-side freeway. “Or which corner of his blade needs to come up.” The operators use the computers to determine whether theyre grading in the right places and whether theyre going too deep or not deep enough into the ground. Teri Newell, Mountain View Corridor project director, said that GPS aids with precision in grading, which will ultimately help the commuters wholl use the corridor.
SCOTTISH ministers have been told to “get a grip” of data control as new details emerged of equipment lost or stolen from the public sector. Police, councils and the NHS recorded scores of missing items, including computers, phones, BlackBerries and USB data sticks. The details were obtained by the LibDems, who previously called for a review of data protection. The Scottish Government said while it takes security seriously, public services are responsible for storing their own information. In one incident, Strathclyde Police said an unencrypted USB stick containing investigation files had gone missing.
(VMworld) – Reflex Systems , a pioneer in virtualization systems management solutions, today unveiled its Private Cloud Initiative , a bold new vision that helps enterprise IT staff deliver the power of self-service to virtual infrastructure. While cloud computing has long held the promise of simplification for the end-user, Reflexs Private Cloud Initiative provides greater simplification and ease of management for the IT staff tasked with building private clouds for their end users to leverage.
Enterprises across many industries have been eager to harness the power, ease-of-use and cost-saving benefits of cloud computing, but not every enterprise can use a public cloud, due to security, regulatory or other issues. Enterprises are increasingly turning to virtualization to help them realize the potential of privately-managed clouds, but to date have lacked the people and resources to manage these clouds in-house. The Reflex Private Cloud Initiative makes it possible for end-users to enjoy the self-service aspects of private clouds by drastically simplifying the backend management of these clouds.
A survey of over 350 IT managers , released today, found that issues such as capacity planning, performance and provisioning consume significant resources when enterprises are attempting to leverage virtualization for private clouds. The Reflex Private Cloud Initiative enables enterprises to create fully-functional internal cloud infrastructure. Key building blocks include:
Dynamic infrastructure enablement , including provisioning, configuration management and capacity planning.
Visualization , to improve performance, simplify troubleshooting and enable asset tracking and billing.
Security and dynamic policy enforcement , to ensure regulatory compliance across both the physical and virtual infrastructure.
Ability to easily connect with public clouds , for seamless policy enforcement no matter where machines are hosted.
“Enterprises are expressing increasing interest in leveraging private clouds, but are struggling with the challenges of deploying and managing the virtual infrastructure to support these initiatives,” said Rachel Chalmers, Research Director, Infrastructure Management for The 451 Group. “Reflexs Private Cloud Initiative brings together technologies and best practices to make it as easy for IT to build and manage private clouds as it is for end-users to use them.”